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The Master said: "The lower serves the upper, if the body is not upright and the words are not trustworthy, then the righteousness is not unified, and the actions are not of the same kind. "The Master said: "Words have things and actions have standards; therefore, when alive, the will cannot be taken away, and when dead, the name cannot be taken away. Therefore, a gentleman has much knowledge, and he keeps it; he has many ambitions, and he is close to them; he has profound knowledge, and he practices it briefly. "Jun Chen" says: "In and out, follow your teacher Yu, and all people have the same words. "The Book of Songs says: "The virtuous man and the gentleman, their manners are the same. '"
King Sima Jing went on an expedition to the east and captured Li Xi of Shangdang and made him a Zhonglang Attendant. He then asked Xi, "My father invited you to come, but you refused. Now I am calling you. Why did you come?" Xi replied, "My father treated me with courtesy, so I was able to advance and retreat with courtesy. You are a man of law, and I came here out of fear of the law!"
Morality, benevolence and righteousness cannot be achieved without propriety, and teaching and correcting customs cannot be achieved without propriety. When resolving disputes, do not make the decision without proper etiquette. The relationship between the ruler and his subjects, father and son, and brothers cannot be determined without propriety. When an official studies or serves a teacher, he should not be close to him without proper etiquette. When Ban Chao governs the army and takes office to enforce the law, he must act with propriety and dignity. Praying to temples and offering sacrifices to ghosts and gods are not polite, sincere or solemn. Therefore, a gentleman is respectful, frugal, and yielding in order to show courtesy. Parrots can speak, but they are still birds; orangutans can speak, but they are still animals. People nowadays are rude, even if they can speak, don’t they have the heart of beasts? Only animals are so undisciplined that fathers and sons live together. Therefore, the sages created rituals to teach people. Teach people to be polite and know how to distinguish themselves from animals.
The Master said: “A mean man drowns in water, a gentleman drowns in his mouth, and a great man drowns in the people, all because of what they despise. Water is close to people and drowns them; virtue is easy to get close to but difficult to get close to, so it is easy to drown people; talking is tedious and annoying, easy to speak but difficult to regret, so it is easy to drown people; people are closed to people and have contemptuous hearts, they should be respected but not ignored, so they are easy to drown people. Therefore, a gentleman should not be careless. Taijia said: ‘Do not go beyond your destiny and overturn yourself; if you are afraid of the trap, go and review your measures and you will be released. ’Dui Ming said: ‘Only the mouth causes shame, only armor causes war, only clothes are in the box, and only weapons are used to review one’s body. ’Taijia said: ‘The evil of heaven can be disobeyed; the evil of oneself cannot be avoided. '"Yin Ji" says: "Yin is the one who respects the heaven, and is seen in Xiyi; Xia has an end since Zhou, and Xiang has also ended. '"
After Xie Wan Shouchun was defeated, Jianwen asked Xi Chao: "Wan was defeated, why did you lose the feelings of your soldiers?" Chao said: "He wanted to distinguish between the wise and the brave because of his nature of leading by example."
When a sage sits south and listens to the world, he must first do five things, but the people do not follow them. One is to govern relatives, two is to reward merits, three is to promote the virtuous, four is to use the capable, and five is to preserve love. If one of the five is obtained in the world, the people will have no shortage and no one will be unsatisfied. If one of the five is wrong, the people will not die. When a sage sits south and governs the world, he must start with the human way.
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