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Officialdom

In the Taimiao, there is respect! The king personally leads the sacrifice, and the officials praise and follow. The king personally makes sacrifices, and the lady offers the bowl. The king personally cuts the sacrifice, and the lady offers wine. The ministers and the great officials follow the lord, and the women of the court follow the wives. They are respectful and loyal, and they are eager to receive the feast. The offering of animals is reported in the courtyard, the blood and hair are reported in the room, and the soup is reported in the hall. The three reports are not in the same position, which is probably because they have sought but not obtained them. The sacrifice is set up in the hall, and the sacrifice is made outside, so it is said: "Is it there? Is it here?" One is to offer a pledge, three is to offer a text, five is to offer a review, and seven is to offer a god. The feast is for the king! The three animals, fish and meat are the delicacies of the four seas and nine states; the offerings of the dishes are the harmony of the four seasons. The gold inside is to show harmony. The bundle of silk and the jade disk are to honor virtue. The tortoise is in the front, which is to predict the future. The gold is next, which is to show affection. The red lacquer, silk, bamboo and arrows are to share the wealth with the people. The rest are not regular goods, and each country has what it has, so it is to bring distant things. When it goes out, it is sent in the summer, which is probably a heavy ceremony. Sacrificing to the emperor in the suburbs is the utmost respect. The sacrifice in the ancestral temple is the highest level of benevolence. The funeral is the highest level of loyalty. The preparation of clothing and utensils is the highest level of benevolence. The use of money by guests is the highest level of righteousness. Therefore, if a gentleman wants to observe the way of benevolence and righteousness, etiquette is the root.

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When a gentleman is about to build a palace, the ancestral temple comes first, the stables and storehouses come second, and the living quarters come last. For all household construction, sacrificial utensils come first, sacrificial tribute comes second, and domestic utensils come last. Those without land and salary do not set up sacrificial utensils; those with land and salary first make sacrificial clothes. Even if a gentleman is poor, he does not eat porridge with sacrificial utensils; even if it is cold, he does not wear sacrificial clothes; when building a palace, he does not cut hills and trees. When a senior official or scholar leaves the country, sacrificial utensils are not overused. The senior officials shall leave the sacrificial vessels with the senior officials, and the scholars shall leave the sacrificial vessels with the scholars.

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Bo Gao died in Wei and went to Confucius. Confucius said: "Why should I cry? For my brothers, I cry in the temple; for my father's friends, I cry outside the temple gate; for my teacher, I cry in the bedroom; for my friends, I cry outside the bedroom door; for my acquaintances, I cry in the wild. In the wild, it is already distant; in the bedroom, it is already important. Since You Ci came to see me, I cried to Ci's family." Then he ordered Zigong to be the host and said: "If you come to cry for you, bow to him; if you know that Bo Gao came, don't bow."

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When there is a father's funeral, if the mother dies before the funeral, the father's mourning is over, and the mourning clothes are worn. After the funeral, the mourning clothes are returned. Even if it is the funeral of the father and the brothers, it is like the funeral of the parents, and the mourning of the father and the brothers is over, they all wear the mourning clothes. After the funeral, the mourning clothes are returned. If the three-year mourning , then after the ceremony, the auspicious signs are the same. When the king's father dies, before the ceremony, the grandson dies, which is still attached to the king's father. When there is a funeral, if you hear of the funeral outside, you should cry in another room. Enter the funeral, finish the funeral, go out, change your clothes and ascend the throne, just like the ceremony of ascending the throne. When the ministers and scholars are going to offer sacrifices to the duke, after they have seen and washed their bodies, if their parents die, they should still offer sacrifices, and then go to another palace. After the sacrifice, they should take off their clothes and go out of the duke's gate, cry and go home. Others are the same as the ceremony of rushing to the funeral. If they have not seen and washed their bodies, they should send someone to inform them. The informant will return, and then they can cry. For the funerals of fathers, brothers, aunts, and sisters, after staying overnight, they can offer sacrifices. After the funeral, they should go out of the duke's gate, take off their clothes and go home. Others are the same as the ceremony of rushing to the funeral. If they are in the same palace, they should go to another palace. Zengzi asked, "The ministers are going to offer the corpse to the duke, and they have received the night, but there is a mourning in the duke's palace, what should they do?" Confucius said, "It is the etiquette to go out of the duke's palace to wait for the event. Confucius said, "When the corpse is dressed in a hat and crown and brought out, the nobles, officials, and scholars should all lower themselves. The corpse must be arranged in a proper manner, and there must be a leader in front."

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Xian Zi Suo said: "I heard that in ancient times, there was no decline, and the upper and lower classes each chose their relatives. Teng Bowen mourned for Menghu, his uncle; he mourned for Mengpi, his uncle." Hou Mu said: "Mourning, I heard from the county masters that mourning must be thought deeply and long, and the coffin should be changed inside and outside. I will do the same when I die." Zengzi said: "The corpse has not been decorated yet, so the hall is covered with curtains, and the burial is small and the curtains are clear." Zhongliangzi said: "The husband and wife are in chaos, so the hall is covered with curtains, and the burial is small and the curtains are clear." For the small burial, Ziyou said: "In the east." Zengzi said: "In the west, the mat is gathered." The small burial was in the west, which was a loss in the late Lu ritual. Xianzi said, "The mourning clothes and skirts are not ancient." Zi Pu died, and the weeping people cried out. Zi Gao said, "This is wild." The weeping people changed.

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