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There are four seasons for sacrifice: spring sacrifice is called "礿", summer sacrifice is called "禘", autumn sacrifice is called "常", and winter sacrifice is called "朕". "礿" and "禘" are yang meanings; "常" and "朕" are yin meanings. "禘" is the prosperity of yang, and "常" is the prosperity of yin. Therefore, it is said that nothing is more important than "禘" and "常". In ancient times, during the sacrifice, the officials gave out titles and clothes, which was in accordance with the righteousness of the Yang. During the harvest, the officials gave out fields and towns, and issued autumn policies, which was in accordance with the righteousness of the Yin. Therefore, it is recorded: "On the day of harvest, the public office was given out to show the reward; the moxa was used as ink; before the autumn policies were issued, the people dared not to harvest." Therefore, it is said that the righteousness of the sacrifice and the harvest is great. It is the foundation of governing a country, and it is important not to be ignorant of it. The ruler is clear about the righteousness, and the minister is capable of his duties. If the ruler is not clear about the righteousness, he is not perfect; if he is not capable of his duties, he is not perfect as a minister. Righteousness is the way to help the will, and it is the manifestation of all virtues. Therefore, those whose virtues are strong have strong wills; those whose wills are strong have clear righteousness. Those whose righteousness is clear have respect in their sacrifices. If the sacrifices are respectful, then all the descendants of the family will dare not be disrespectful. Therefore, when a gentleman sacrifices, he must personally attend; if there is a reason, he can send others. Even if he sends others, the ruler does not lose his righteousness, because the ruler understands his righteousness. Those who are of low virtue and low ambition are doubtful about the righteousness and ask for sacrifices. If they are forced to be respectful, they cannot help it. If you offer sacrifices without respect, how can you be the parents of the people? The tripod has an inscription. The inscription is a self-name. The self-name is used to praise the goodness of the ancestors and to make it clear to future generations. Those who are ancestors have both good and bad things. The meaning of the inscription is to praise the good and not the bad. This is the heart of filial sons and grandsons. Only virtuous people can do this. The inscription is to discuss the virtues and goodness of the ancestors, their merits and achievements, and to celebrate and reward their reputations throughout the world and to use them as sacrificial vessels; to make a name for oneself and to worship the ancestors. To praise the ancestors is to honor filial piety. To compare oneself with them is obedience. To show future generations clearly is teaching. The inscription is to name them once and everyone above and below will benefit from it. Therefore, when a gentleman looks at the inscription, he should not only praise what is said, but also praise what is done. Those who do it, who are clear enough to see it, kind enough to give it, and knowledgeable enough to benefit it, can be called virtuous. Virtuous but not boastful, can be called respectful. Therefore, the inscription on the tripod of Kong Kui of Wei reads: On the 19th day of the sixth month, the Duke was in the Great Temple. The Duke said: "Uncle! This is the ancestor Zhuang Shu, who was on the left and right of Cheng Gong. Cheng Gong ordered Zhuang Shu to follow the refuge in Hanyang, and then to the palace in Zong Zhou, and ran without shooting. He told the right Xiang Gong. Xiang Gong ordered Cheng Shu to inherit the ancestors' clothes. This is the father of Wen Shu, who revived the old wishes of the elders, led the celebration of the people, and personally cared for the state of Wei. He was diligent in the public family, working day and night without rest, and the people all said: "Relax!" The Duke said: "Uncle! Let me engrave for you: If you inherit, you will be respected." Kui bowed his head and said: "I praised it to avoid it, and I was diligent in the great destiny of the Ding." This is the inscription on the tripod of Kong Kui of Wei. The ancient gentlemen discussed the virtues of their ancestors and made them clear to future generations. They compared themselves to themselves and valued their country like this. The descendants who guard the ancestral temples and the altars of the land and state, if their ancestors have no merits and praise them, it is a falsehood; if they have good things but do not know them, it is not clear; if they know them but do not pass them on, it is not benevolent. These three are what gentlemen are ashamed of. In the past, Duke Zhou had made great contributions to the world. After Duke Zhou died, King Cheng and King Kang remembered the merits of Duke Zhou and wanted to honor Lu, so they gave him a heavy sacrifice. The outer sacrifice is the suburban altar; the inner sacrifice is the great sacrifice. The great sacrifice, the song "Qingmiao" is sung in the upper part, and the "Xiang" is played in the lower part; the red stems and jade qi are used to dance "Dawu"; the eight-yi dance is used to dance "Daxia"; this is the music of the emperor. Duke Kang of Zhou, therefore, gave it to Lu. The descendants inherited it and it has not been abolished until now, so as to show the virtue of Duke Zhou and honor his country.

Sacrificing in the Mingtang is to teach the princes to be filial; eating the three elders and five changes in the university is to teach the princes' brothers. Sacrificing to the sages in the Western Learning is to teach the princes' virtues; farming is to teach the princes to raise their children; paying homage is to teach the princes' ministers. The five are the great teachings of the world. Eating the three elders and five changes in the university, the emperor strips bare and cuts the animals, holds the sauce and feeds, holds the cup and drinks, and wears the crown and shakes the wine, so as to teach the princes' brothers. Therefore, there are ages in the village, and the old and the poor are not left out, the strong do not bully the weak, and the majority do not oppress the minority. This is due to the university. The emperor set up four schools, and when they enter the school, they will be the elders. The emperor patrols and the princes wait until the end. The emperor foresees the hundred years. Eighty, ninety, and ninety years old: those who go eastwards dare not pass by those who go westwards; those who go westwards dare not pass by those who go eastwards. If you want to talk about politics, the king can go to them. The first order is to be a senior in the village, the second order is to be a senior in the clan, and the third order is not a senior; if there are seventy people in the clan, they dare not go before them. Seventy-year-olds shall not enter the court without a major reason; if they enter the court for a major reason, the king must bow and yield to them, and then to those with titles. When the emperor does good, he yields his virtue to heaven; when the princes do good, he gives it to the emperor; when the ministers do good, they recommend it to the princes; when scholars and common people do good, they give it to their parents and keep it in the elders; and the salaries, titles, celebrations and rewards are given to the ancestral temples; this is to show obedience. In the past, the sages established the relationship between yin and yang, heaven and earth, and established it as the Book of Changes. The Book of Changes holds a tortoise shell and faces south, and the emperor rolls up his crown and faces north. Although he has a clear mind, he must advance and stop his intention. This shows that he dares not monopolize, so as to respect heaven. When he does good, he praises others; when he does wrong, he praises himself. Teach not to boast, so as to respect the virtuous. When a filial son is about to offer sacrifices, he must have a solemn heart to consider matters, prepare clothes and things, repair the palace, and manage all things. On the day of the sacrifice, his face must be warm and his movements must be fearful, as if fear is not as good as love. When he is offering sacrifices, his face must be warm and his body must be bent, as if he is talking but not yet. All the night guests have left, and they stand low and calm, as if they are about to be seen. After the sacrifice, he is happy and calm, as if he is about to go back. Therefore, sincerity and goodness do not violate the body, the ears and eyes do not violate the heart, and thoughts and considerations do not violate the parents. Tie all the hearts, express all the faces, and the art of reflection is the will of the filial son. The god of the country is on the right, and the ancestral temple is on the left.

The solemn and condensed air of heaven and earth begins in the southwest and flourishes in the northwest. This is the dignified air of heaven and earth, and the righteous air of heaven and earth. The warm and gentle air of heaven and earth begins in the northeast and flourishes in the southeast. This is the great virtue of heaven and earth, and the benevolent air of heaven and earth. The host respects the guest, so he sits the guest in the northwest, and sits in the southwest to assist the guest. The guest is a person who treats people with righteousness, so he sits in the northwest. The host is a person who treats people with great virtue, so he sits in the southeast. The host sits in the northeast to assist the host. When benevolence and righteousness meet, the host and the guest have affairs, and the number of sacrificial vessels is called sanctity. The sanctity is established and treated with respect, which is called courtesy. The courtesy of respecting the elders and the young is called virtue. Virtue is obtained from the body. Therefore, it is said that those who studied the Dao in ancient times would gain a body. Therefore, the sages are concerned with this.

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最新章节：冷天旭的目的（2025-03-13）

更新时间：2025-03-13