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The mourning period of two periods is three years; the mourning period of two years is two years. The mourning period of the ninth and seventh months is three periods; the mourning period of the fifth month is two periods; the mourning period of the third month is one period. Therefore, offering sacrifices at a certain time is a ritual; and ending mourning at a certain time is the way. Offering sacrifices is not the ending of mourning. Those who are buried three years later must offer sacrifices again, and the mourning period is not the same as the time between offering sacrifices. The great merit is the mourning of the master, and if it is three years, then sacrifices must be offered twice. For friends, only the yu and bu are required. If a scholar or concubine has a son, she shall be mourned for him, but if she has no son, then it is not required. If the grandparents, fathers, brothers and sisters are not born, the father shall be taxed for mourning, but the person shall not be taxed. If the parents, wife and eldest son of the monarch are mourned, the monarch shall not be taxed after the mourning is ended. For close ministers, the monarch shall wear this kind of clothes; the rest shall follow the mourning and not follow the tax. Although the monarch does not know about the mourning, the ministers have already worn it.
The Master said: "The great man does not get close to those who are virtuous, but trusts those who are humble; the people are lost because of this, and the teaching is troubled because of this. The Book of Songs says: "If they seek me, it is as if they cannot get me; if they hold my enemies, they will not be able to help me. ’Jun Chen said: ‘If you have not seen a sage, you are not able to see him; if you have seen a sage, you cannot follow him. ’”
The Master said: "King Wu and Duke Zhou, how filial they are! A filial person is good at carrying on the will of others, and is good at It is the one who tells people's affairs. In the spring and autumn, the ancestral temple is repaired, the ancestral utensils are displayed, the clothes are set, and the food is offered. The rituals of the ancestral temple are used to sort the ancestors. The order of ranks is used to distinguish the noble and the humble. The order of things is used to distinguish the virtuous. The lower is rewarded as the superior, so as to catch the humble. The feathers of swallows are used to sort the ages. To fulfill one's position, perform the rituals, play the music, respect the respected, love the loved, treat the dead as if they were alive, and treat the deceased as if they were alive, is the ultimate filial piety. The rituals of the suburbs and the community are used to serve the God. The rituals of the ancestral temple are used to worship one's ancestors. If you understand the rituals of the suburbs and the community, and the meaning of the sacrifices, governing the country will be as easy as showing it in your palm! "
If the winter order is carried out in midsummer, hail and frost will damage the grains, roads will be blocked, and violent soldiers will come. If the spring order is carried out, the grains will mature late, and all the crickets will rise at the right time, and the country will suffer from famine. If the autumn order is carried out, the grass and trees will fall, the fruits will mature early, and the people will suffer from epidemics.
Emperor Wen of Wei was jealous of his younger brother, Prince of Rencheng, because he was brave and strong. As they were playing Go and eating dates in the presence of Empress Dowager Bian, Emperor Wen put poison in the stems of the dates. He selected the edible ones and presented them to the king, but the king did not understand and mixed them with other foods. Since he was poisoned, the Queen Mother asked for water to save him. The emperor ordered his attendants to destroy the bottles and jars in advance, and the empress dowager ran barefoot to the well, but there was nothing to draw water from. After a while, he died. He wanted to kill Dong'e again, but the Queen Mother said, "You have killed my Rencheng, so you cannot kill my Dong'e again."
Wang Zhonglang loved Zhang Tianxi very much and asked him, "You have seen the paths and tracks of the people who crossed the Yangtze River. What is so great about the tracks on the left side of the Yangtze River? How are the later talents compared with the Central Plains?" Zhang said, "Since Wang and He, we have studied the profound and profound things. We have made changes according to the times, following the style of Xun and Yue." Wang said, "You have more knowledge and insights, why did you let Fu Jian control you?" He replied, "The yang disappears and the yin rests, so the steps of the sky are slow; the negative and positive are stripped away to form an image, so why should we criticize you too much?"
The Master said: “In the past, the wise kings of the Three Dynasties all worshipped the gods of heaven and earth, and used divination. They did not dare to use their private interests to disrespect the gods. Therefore, they did not violate the sun and the moon, and did not violate divination. Divination does not follow each other. Big events have their dates; small events have no dates, but divination. External events use hard days, internal events use soft days. They do not violate the tortoise shells. ”The Master said: “Sacrifices, rituals and music are all prosperous, so there is no harm to the gods and ghosts, and no resentment from the people.”The Master said: “The sacrifices of Hou Ji are easy to be rich; his words are respectful, his desires are frugal, and his salary is passed on to his descendants. The Book of Songs says: ‘Hou Ji’s omen sacrifices, and the people have no guilt and regret, and this has continued to this day. ’”The Master said: “The great man’s instrument is awe-inspiring. The Son of Heaven does not use divination; the princes have divination. The Son of Heaven uses divination for the way; the princes do not use divination for countries other than their own. Divination for the house and bedroom. The Son of Heaven does not use divination for the great temple. ” Confucius said: “A gentleman is respectful and uses sacrificial vessels. Therefore, he does not abandon the sun and the moon, does not violate the tortoise shells and divination, and respectfully serves his ruler. In this way, the superiors do not disrespect the people, and the inferiors do not disrespect the superiors.”
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