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《成人社区》
Ziyou asked, “Is it a courtesy to mourn a loving mother as if she were your own mother?” Confucius said, “It is not a courtesy. In ancient times, men had tutors outside and loving mothers inside, and they were appointed by the king to teach their children. Why should they wear mourning clothes? In the past, Duke Zhao of Lu lost his mother when he was young. He had a loving mother who was good. When her mother died, the duke could not bear to mourn her. He wanted to mourn her. The officials reported it to the king, who said, “According to the ancient etiquette, loving mothers should not be mourned. Now you are mourning for her. This is against the ancient etiquette and disrupts the laws of the country. If you carry it out, the officials will write it down and leave it to future generations. Isn’t it wrong!” The duke said, “In ancient times, the emperor wore a silk hat when he was at home. 'The Duke could not bear it, so he wore a white hat to mourn his beloved mother. The practice of mourning a beloved mother began with Duke Zhao of Lu. Zengzi asked, "When the princes meet the emperor, they cannot complete the ceremony when entering the door. How many of them are abolished?" Confucius said, "Four." Please ask. He said, "The great temple is on fire, the sun is eclipsed, the queen's funeral, and the rain soaks the clothes and makes them lose their appearance, then it is abolished. If all the princes are present and the sun is eclipsed, they will follow the emperor to put out the sun, and each will give his own weapons in his own color. If the great temple is on fire, they will follow the emperor to put out the fire, and will not give his own weapons in his own color." Zengzi asked, "When the princes meet, they bow and yield to each other when entering the door, and cannot complete the ceremony. How many of them are abolished?" Confucius said, "Six." Please ask. He said, "When the emperor dies, the great temple is on fire, the sun is eclipsed, the queen's funeral, and the rain soaks the clothes and makes them lose their appearance, then it is abolished." Zengzi asked, "When the emperor has offered sacrifices to the five sacrifices in the suburbs and the altars, the food and utensils have been laid out, and when the emperor dies, what should be done with the queen's funeral?" Confucius said, "Abolished. Zengzi asked, "When the sacrifice is to be made and the sun is eclipsed, and the Taimiao is on fire, what should be done with the sacrifice?" Confucius said, "Just follow the sacrifice. If the animal arrives but has not been killed, it is cancelled. When the emperor dies but has not been buried, the five sacrifices cannot be performed; after the funeral, the sacrifice is performed, the corpse is brought in, the three meals are not served, and the wine is not vinegared. From the opening to the return of the mourning, the five sacrifices cannot be performed; after the burial, the sacrifice is performed, the prayers are finished and the offerings are made." Zengzi asked, "When the princes offer sacrifices to the gods and grain, the sacrificial vessels and dishes are already laid out. What should they do when they hear of the death of the emperor, the mourning of the queen, the death of the king, or the mourning of the lady?" Confucius said, "Abolish it. From the death to the funeral, from the opening to the return of the mourning, they serve the emperor." Zengzi asked, "When the ministers offer sacrifices, the tripods and sacrificial vessels are laid out, and the dishes are set out, but the rituals cannot be completed. How many of them are cancelled?" Confucius said, "Nine. "Please ask. He said: "The death of the emperor, the mourning of the queen, the death of the monarch, the mourning of the lady, the fire of the monarch's grand temple, the solar eclipse, the three-year mourning, the mourning of Qisui and the great merit are all abolished. The mourning of the outside world from Qisui onwards is carried out. The sacrifice of Qisui is that the corpse is brought in, three meals are not served, and the wine is not made with vinegar. The great merit is just a vinegar. The small merit and mourning are just things in the room. The reason why scholars are different is that they do not offer sacrifices in mourning, and they offer sacrifices to the dead without wearing mourning clothes. "
For all positions, except for the funeral of a relative, the age of mourning below all ascend the throne and cry and mourn until he has finished his work, but he removes his mourning clothes to the east, ascends the throne, exposes his hair to the east, dances, and wears mourning clothes, bows to the guests and returns to his seat, cries and dances, sends the guests back to his seat, and the attendant tells him to take his place. After three days and five cries, the host goes out to see the guests off; all the host's brothers go out, and the crying stops. The attendant tells him that the work is done. He wears mourning clothes and bows to the guests. If the host's family is far away, he wears mourning clothes and goes. For the age of mourning clothes, cry while looking at the hometown; for the great merit, cry while looking at the door; for the small merit, cry when reaching the door; for the mourning clothes, cry while ascending the throne. Cry for the father's party in the temple; for the mother's wife's party in the bedroom; for the teacher outside the temple gate; for the friend outside the bedroom gate; for the acquaintance in the wild, set up the curtain. In all cases of mourning, no offerings are made. Nine times for the emperor, seven times for the princes, five times for the ministers, and three times for the scholars. The ministers mourn for the princes, but dare not bow to the guests. The ministers in other countries cry for their positions, but dare not bow to the guests. Brothers with the princes also cry for their positions. All those who hold positions have their bare backs. Those who know each other mourn first at home and then at the tomb, and all of them dance for the funeral, facing north from the host and dancing. In all cases of mourning, the father is the main mourner when the father is still alive; after the father dies, the brothers live together and each of them mourns for his own. If the relatives are the same, the elder one is the main mourner; if they are not the same relatives, the closest one is the main mourner. When hearing about the funeral of a distant brother, the mourning period is over, and the mourning period is not heard, and the bare backs are not worn, and the left hand is preferred to bow to the guests. The only people who hold positions without mourning are sisters-in-law and uncles; and women who come down without mourning wear hemp. In all cases of mourning, if a minister arrives, he should bare his backs, bow to him, dance to him, and then kiss him; for scholars, kiss him and then bow to him.
Duke Ai asked Confucius, "What is the great ritual? Why do gentlemen talk about ritual with such respect?" Confucius said, "I am a small man, not qualified to know ritual." The duke said, "No! I am talking about it." Confucius said, "I have heard that ritual is the most important thing for the people to live. Without ritual, there is no way to respect the gods of heaven and earth, no way to distinguish the positions of the ruler and the minister, the superior and the inferior, the old and the young, no way to distinguish the closeness of men and women, fathers and sons, brothers, and the relationship between relatives and strangers. A gentleman respects this and teaches the people with what he can, and does not abolish the festival. After things are accomplished, he will then prepare the carvings and ornaments to continue. After they are in compliance, he will talk about funerals, prepare the tripods and sacrificial vessels, set up the pork and basil, repair the ancestral temple, and worship at the right time and order the clan. Then he will make his house comfortable, dress modestly, and humble his palace. He will not carve the table on his car, nor carve the utensils, nor eat two different kinds of food, so that he can share the benefits with the people. The gentleman of the past practiced ritual. ”
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最新章节:丑态百出(2025-03-15)
更新时间:2025-03-15
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