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Life in the Ming Dynasty

Sun Hao asked Prime Minister Lu Kai, "How many people are there in your dynasty?" Lu Kai replied, "Two prime ministers, five marquises, and more than ten generals." Hao said, "How prosperous!" Lu Kai replied, "A country is prosperous when its ruler is wise and its ministers are loyal. A family is prosperous when its father is kind and its sons are filial. Today, the government is in chaos and the people are corrupt. We are afraid of the country's downfall. How dare I say it is prosperous!"

Qinling Mountains

The sons of commoners who are in the royal family should be taught to be filial and respectful, friendly and loving, and to make clear the righteousness between father and son and the order of elders and juniors. When they go to the royal court, they should face east and go north; if they are ministers of high rank, they should be ranked according to their seniority. When they are in the outer court, they should be appointed by officials and officials. When they are in the ancestral temple, they should be in the same position as the outer court. The clan members should be given posts by titles and officials. When they are offered titles by offering sacrifices, they should be heirs. The sons of commoners should be in charge, and even if they have three orders, they should not exceed their fathers and elder brothers. When the royal family attends important events, they should be ranked according to the fineness and coarseness of their mourning clothes. Even when the royal family attends funerals, they should be ranked according to the host. If the royal family and their clansmen have a banquet, people of different surnames should be guests, and the chef should be the host. The royal family should be ranked according to their fathers and elder brothers. The clansmen should be one level lower. When they are in the army, they should guard the royal temple. If a duke has a policy of going out of the border, the concubines and the idle dukes shall guard the duke's palace, the wife shall guard the great temple, the fathers shall guard the noble palace and noble rooms, and the sons and grandsons shall guard the lower palace and lower rooms. The grandsons of the five temples, as long as the ancestral temple is not destroyed, even if they are commoners, must inform when they come of age and marry; they must go to the funeral when the deceased dies; they must inform when the auspicious ceremony is held. The clansmen shall be punished for whether they should offer condolences or not, or whether they should be exempted or not. As for the funeral gifts and inheritance, they shall all be regulated. If there is a capital crime in the duke's family, they shall be beheaded by the people of the Dian. If there is a criminal crime, they shall be fined and also informed by the people of the Dian. There is no castration or punishment in the duke's family. After the case is concluded, the officials shall report it to the duke. If it is a capital crime, they shall say "so-and-so's crime is a capital crime"; if it is a criminal crime, they shall say "so-and-so's crime is a minor crime". The Duke said, "Pardon him." The official said again, "He is in prison." The Duke said again, "Pardon him." The official said again, "He is in prison." After the third pardon, he refused to respond and ran away, and the people of Yudian were punished. The Duke sent people to chase him again, saying, "Even if it is, I will pardon him." The official said, "It is too late!" He returned the order to the Duke, who did not raise his plain clothes, but changed them, just like the mourning of his relatives. Without mourning clothes, he cried for him personally. The Duke's clan members attend the inner court, which is the family kinship. Although there are nobles, they are treated according to their seniority, which is to distinguish between father and son. The outer court is treated according to official positions, which is to distinguish between different surnames. In the ancestral temple, the position is based on the title, which is to honor virtue. The clan members are given official positions, which is to honor the virtuous. The successor who ascends the throne and receives the title is the way to honor the ancestors. The mourning rules are based on the severity of the mourning clothes, and do not deprive people of their relatives. When the Duke and his clansmen feast, they are based on seniority, and the way of filial piety and brotherhood is achieved. The food of his clansmen is reduced by one level for generations, which is to kill the relatives. In war, they defend the Duke's temple, which is to show the depth of filial piety and love. The wife of the first wife guards the great temple and honors the clan, and the way of the ruler and the minister is clear. The fathers and brothers guard the noble house, and the sons and nephews guard the lower house, and the way of yielding is reached. The grandchildren of the five temples, the ancestral temple is not destroyed, even if it is a commoner, when they come of age, they must inform their parents when they marry, and they must go to the death, so as not to forget their relatives. If the relatives are not severed, but they are ranked among the common people, they are lowly and incompetent. Respectfully mourning, attending and offering gifts are the way to make friends. In ancient times, when the sons of the common people were in power, the country had a relationship; when the country had a relationship, the people were well-off. The crimes of the royal family, even if they were relatives, were not punished by the officials. This is the correct method, so as to understand the people. Punishing those who hide their lives is not to worry about their brothers with the people. Not mourning, not mourning, crying in the temple of a different surname is to disgrace the ancestors and distance themselves. Wearing plain clothes and living outside, not listening to music, and mourning privately are to ensure that the relationship between flesh and blood is not severed. The royal family does not have castration, nor does it cut off its kind. The emperor inspects the school and sounds the drums at the beginning of the day to warn the people. After the people arrive, the Son of Heaven arrives. Then he orders the officials to act. He starts the ritual and offers sacrifices to the ancestors and sages. When the officials finish their work, they return the order. The beginning of care is to go to the East Sequence, offer sacrifices to the ancestors, and then set up seats for the three elders and five watches for the elders. When the food is good and the wine is good, the treasures for the elderly are ready; then they start to sing, and retreat to cultivate filial piety. When they return, they go up to the Qing Temple and sing, and after singing, they speak to complete it. They talk about the way of father and son, monarch and minister, and the old and the young, and combine the meaning of virtue and music, which is the greatest ritual. They play the "Xiang" and dance the "Da Wu". They unite the people to do things, reach the gods, and promote virtue. They correct the positions of the monarch and ministers, and the ranks of the noble and the humble, and the righteousness of the upper and lower levels is carried out. The officials report the end of the music, and the king orders the dukes, marquises, earls, sons, and men and all the officials to say, "Return! Take care of the elderly and the young in the East Sequence." It ends with benevolence. Therefore, when the sages recorded events, they considered them with great consideration, loved them with respect, carried them out with courtesy, cultivated them with filial piety, recorded them with righteousness, and ended them with benevolence. Therefore, when the ancients did something, everyone knew their virtues. The ancient gentlemen, when they did something big, must be careful about the beginning and the end, so how could everyone not understand it? "The Book of Changes" says: "Thinking about the beginning and the end is a discipline in learning."

Return

Wang Gong was with his father in Kuaiji, and Wang Dazi also came to pay homage to his father's tomb. Gong went to the tomb to see them for a while. The two men were on good terms with each other, so he returned after more than ten days. The father asked Gong, "Why did you take so many days?" He replied, "I was talking to A Da, and he was so busy that he couldn't go home." The father then said to him, "I'm afraid A Da is not your friend." In the end, they became friends, and it turned out to be just as he said.

The King of Korean Entertainment Game

Only the great sages can be happy and free from worries, and have complete and unbiased rituals. The sky is high and the earth is low, and all things are scattered and different, but the ritual system is in place. The flow never stops, and they are united and transformed, and music flourishes. Spring brings growth and summer grows, which is benevolence; autumn gathers and winter stores, which is righteousness. Benevolence is close to music, and righteousness is close to ritual. Music is harmonious and leads the gods and follows the sky, while ritual is different and appropriate, staying with ghosts and following the earth. Therefore, the sages make music to respond to the sky and make rituals to match the earth. When rituals and music are clear and complete, the heaven and the earth are in order. The sky is high and the earth is low, and the ruler and the minister are determined. The high and the low have been established, and the noble and the humble have been placed. There are regularities in movement and stillness, and the small and the big are different. Things gather together according to their kind, and things are divided into groups, so their nature and life are different. In the sky, it forms images, and on the earth, it forms shapes; in this way, ritual is the difference between heaven and earth. The earth's air rises and the sky's air descends, yin and yang collide with each other, and the heaven and the earth shake, which is stimulated by thunder and lightning, excited by wind and rain, moved by the four seasons, warmed by the sun and the moon, and all kinds of changes flourish. In this way, music is the harmony of heaven and earth. If the transformation is not timely, there will be no life; if there is no distinction between men and women, chaos will arise; it is the emotion of heaven and earth. And the rites and music are the highest in heaven and coiled on earth, running through yin and yang and communicating with ghosts and gods; reaching the highest and the farthest, and measuring the depth. Music is the beginning, and rites are in the creation of things. The one that is restless is heaven, and the one that is still is earth. The one that is moving and the one that is still is the space between heaven and earth. Therefore, the sages say rites and music. In the past, Shun made a five-stringed zither to sing the southern wind, and Kui first made music to reward the princes. Therefore, the emperor makes music to reward the princes with virtue. When virtue is flourishing and teaching is respected, and the five grains are ripe in time, then he will reward them with music. Therefore, those who rule the people to work hard, their dances are long and long; those who rule the people to relax, their dances are short and short. Therefore, by watching their dances, you can know their virtues; by hearing their posthumous titles, you can know their conduct. "Da Zhang" means to make it. "Xian Chi" means to be complete. "Shao" means to continue. "Xia" means to be great. The music of Yin and Zhou dynasties is complete. The way of heaven and earth is that when the cold and heat are out of season, there will be disease; when the wind and rain are not in season, there will be hunger. Education is the cold and heat of the people; if education is out of season, it will hurt the world. Affairs are the wind and rain of the people; if affairs are not in season, there will be no success. So the music of the ancient kings is to govern by law, and if it is good, it will be a symbol of virtue. Raising pigs to make wine is not to cause harm, but when lawsuits become more and more frequent, the flow of wine will cause harm. Therefore, the ancient kings established the wine ceremony. In the ceremony of offering one offering, the host and the guest bow a hundred times, and they drink all day long without getting drunk. This is why the ancient kings prepared for the harm of wine. Therefore, wine and food are for happiness; music is for virtue; ritual is for restraining lust. Therefore, when the ancient kings had a major event, they must have a ritual to mourn; when they had a great blessing, they must have a ritual to enjoy. The distinction between sorrow and joy all ends with ritual. Music is what the sages enjoy, and it can improve the hearts of the people. It deeply touches people and changes customs, so the ancient kings wrote about it. The people have the nature of blood, qi, heart and knowledge, but they do not have the regularity of sorrow, joy, happiness and anger. They respond to things and move, and then their mind and intention are formed. Therefore, when the will is slight, the sound of killing is produced, and the people are worried. When the sound of slow and easy, complicated and simple is produced, the people are healthy and happy. When the sound of rough, fierce, vigorous and broad is produced, the people are firm and resolute. When the sound of honest, upright, vigorous and upright, solemn and sincere is produced, the people are respectful. When the sound of generous, good, smooth and harmonious is produced, the people are kind and loving. When the sound of flowing, dispelling evil and cleaning up is produced, the people are promiscuous. Therefore, the ancient kings based on the nature of emotions, checked the degree, and established the rituals and righteousness. They combined the harmony of vital energy, guided the five constants, made it yang but not scattered, yin but not dense, the strong energy not angry, the soft energy not frightened, the four free and smooth intercourse in the middle and erupted on the outside, all in their positions without competing with each other; then they established the level of learning, expanded the rhythm, reduced the literary talent, and measured the virtue. The scale of the scale is called small and big, which is used to compare the order of the beginning and the end, and to represent the conduct of things. The principles of closeness and distance, nobleness and humbleness, oldness and youngness, and men and women are all reflected in music, so it is said that "joy is deep." If the soil is barren, the grass and trees will not grow; if the water is turbid, the fish and turtles will not grow big; if the air is weak, the creatures will not be able to survive; if the world is in chaos, the rites will be corrupted and the music will be lewd. Therefore, its sound is sad but not solemn, it is joyful but not peaceful, it is easy to violate the rules, and it is easy to indulge and forget its roots. If it is broad, it will tolerate evil, and if it is narrow, it will think of lust, and it will affect the smooth air and destroy the peaceful virtue. Therefore, the gentleman despises it. All evil sounds move people, and the adverse air responds to it; the adverse air forms an image, and lewd music arises. The right sound moves people, and the smooth air responds to it; the smooth air forms an image, and harmonious music arises. Harmony has a response, turning the evil and the crooked to the straight, and each returns to its own place; and the principles of all things are moved by their own kind. Therefore, the gentleman reflects his feelings to harmonize his will and compares his actions to achieve his goals. Evil sounds and disorderly sex do not leave wisdom; lewd music and evil manners do not connect the mind. Laziness, sluggishness, evil and perverse qi are not set in the body, so that the ears, eyes, nose, mouth, heart and body can all be in harmony and practice the righteousness. Then it will be released with sound, and it will be embellished with qin and qin, and it will be decorated with feathers and flags, and it will be followed by flutes and pipes. The light of supreme virtue will be stirred, and the harmony of the four qi will be moved, so as to show the principles of all things. Therefore, the clear and bright is like the sky, the vast is like the earth, the beginning and the end are like the four seasons, and the cycle is like wind and rain. The five colors form a pattern without chaos, the eight winds follow the law without evil, and the hundred degrees get the number and have a regularity. The small and the big complement each other, and the beginning and the end are born from each other. Promote harmony, clear and turbid, and they are alternately the classics. Therefore, music is practiced and the morals are clear, the ears and eyes are smart, the blood and qi are peaceful, the customs are changed, and the world is at peace. Therefore, it is said: music is joy. The gentleman is happy with the way, and the villain is happy with his desire. If you control your desire with the way, you will be happy without chaos; if you forget the way with your desire, you will be confused and not happy. Therefore, a gentleman should reflect his feelings to harmonize his aspirations, and expand music to complete his teachings. When music is practiced and the people are in harmony, virtue can be observed. Virtue is the beginning of nature. Music is the brilliance of virtue. Metal, stone, silk and bamboo are instruments of music. Poetry expresses his aspirations, singing sings his voice, and dancing moves his appearance. The three are based on the heart, and then the music follows. Therefore, deep feelings lead to civilization, and vigorous spirit transforms the spirit. Harmony accumulates within and brilliance radiates outside, and only music cannot be faked.

Sincerely

After Wang Chen's death, the Western Town was still unsettled and all the nobles in the court had high hopes. At that time, Yin Zhongkan was under Fang Yue's tutelage. Although he held an important position, his status and reputation were low, and people did not approve of him. Jin Xiaowu wanted to promote his close associates, so he made Yin Jingzhou. The matter was settled, but the edict had not been issued. Wang Xun asked Yin, “Why hasn’t anyone dealt with Shaanxi yet?” Yin replied, “Someone has already done it.” Wang Li asked the ministers, and they all said “No.” The king thought that he must have the talent and the position, so he asked again, "Is it not me?" Yin said, "It seems not." That night the king ordered Yin to be employed. The king said to his confidants, "How can a eunuch be entrusted with such a task? Zhongkan's action will be the beginning of the country's demise."

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