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When the stable burned, Confucius bowed to the villagers who came to the fire. He bowed once, and the officials twice. It is also the way to express condolences. Confucius said: "Guan Zhong encountered thieves and took two people with him. The king made them public officials and said: "The people he played with are good people!" After Guan Zhong died, Duke Huan made him mourn for him. The practice of officials mourning for officials started from Guan Zhong, and it was ordered by the king."
The etiquette of being a minister: do not make public remonstrances. If you remonstrate three times and he does not listen, then flee.
When Wang Lantian was appointed as an official in Yangzhou, the chief clerk asked for a taboo, and was instructed: "Our late ancestor was famous throughout the country and was known far and wide. If the taboo is not known to the public, there is nothing to be tabooed about."
Wang and Liu always disrespected Lord Cai. The two men once went to Cai and talked for a long time. Then they asked Cai, "How do you think you compare to Yi Fu?" Cai replied, "I am not as good as Yi Fu." Wang and Liu looked at each other and laughed, saying, "How are you not as good as him?" Cai replied, "Yi Fu is not as good as you!"
When the king of the country died, he did not dare to receive condolences. In the middle of the outer clan room, facing south, the minor officials spread the mats, the business and the priest spread the quilt, and the scholars washed their hands on the north side of the plate. The body was moved to the coffin, and after the coffin was finished, the chief minister informed the sons, and Feng Zhi danced. The lady sat on the east side, Feng Zhi rose and danced. There are three things that scholars mourn for the emperor: they burn all night, and ride on people and walk on the road.
The Master said: “The benevolent is the model of the world; the righteous is the rule of the world; the retribution is the benefit of the world.” The Master said: “Repaying kindness with kindness will encourage the people; repaying grievances with grievances will punish the people. The Book of Songs says: ‘No words are not resentful, no virtue is not repaid.’ The Book of Taijia says: ‘Without the king, the people cannot be at peace; without the king, the four directions cannot be opened.’” The Master said: “Repaying grievances with kindness is benevolence of leniency; repaying kindness with grievances is punishment of the people.” The Master said: “The one who has no desires and likes kindness, and the one who has no fears and hates unkindness, is the only one in the world. Therefore, the gentleman discusses the way for himself and sets laws for the people.” The Master said: “There are three kinds of benevolence, the same merits as benevolence but different feelings. The same merits as benevolence, his benevolence cannot be known; the same faults as benevolence, then his benevolence can be known. The benevolent are at peace with benevolence, the wise are beneficial to benevolence, and the fearful are strong in benevolence. The benevolent are right, the righteous are left. The benevolent are human, the righteous are righteousness. Those who are thick in benevolence are thin in righteousness, they are close but not respected; those who are thick in righteousness are thin in benevolence, they are respected but not close. The righteousness has its ultimate, and the righteousness has its examination. The ultimate righteousness is the way to rule, the righteousness is the way to hegemony, and the examination of the righteousness is to make sure there is no error. ”
If the ministers go out of the country privately, they must ask for permission. When they return, they must offer. If the scholars go out of the country privately, they must ask for permission; when they return, they must tell. If the king works hard for them, they will bow; if they ask about their travels, they will bow before answering. When a king leaves his country, he is stopped by saying, "How can you leave the altar of the country?" The ministers say, "How can you leave the ancestral temple?" The scholars say, "How can you leave the grave?" The king dies for the altar of the country, the ministers die for the people, and the scholars die for the system.
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