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"Confucians live with modern people and study with ancient people; they practice what they do in the present and they are regarded as models by future generations; they are not in the right era, and they are not supported by their superiors and pushed by their subordinates. There are people who form a party and endanger them. Their bodies can be endangered, but their will cannot be taken away. Although they live in danger, they still believe in their will and will not forget the people's suffering. Their worries are like this.
The Master said: "The world and the country can be equal, the title and salary can be refused, and the sword can be stepped on, but the middle way is impossible."
Sacrifice is a great thing, and it is a preparation for everything. Is it the root of education to follow the preparation? Therefore, the teaching of a gentleman is to teach people to respect their rulers and elders externally and to be filial to their parents internally. Therefore, when a wise ruler is above, all ministers obey; when the ancestral temples and the altar of the country are respected, the descendants are obedient and filial. Do your best and be upright in your righteousness, and the teaching will come into being. Therefore, when a gentleman serves his ruler, he must practice it himself. What he does not like in his superiors, he will not use his subordinates; what he hates in his subordinates, he will not serve his superiors; if he does not do it to others, he will do it to himself, which is not the way of teaching. Therefore, the teaching of a gentleman must start from its root and follow the ultimate, and sacrifice is it? Therefore, it is said: sacrifice is the root of education. There are ten relationships in sacrifice: the way to serve ghosts and gods, the righteousness between the ruler and the minister, the relationship between father and son, the distinction between the noble and the humble, the killing of relatives and strangers, the bestowal of titles and rewards, the difference between husband and wife, the balance of political affairs, the order of the old and the young, and the relationship between superiors and subordinates. These are the ten relationships.
When Yu Chan first composed the Yangdu Fu, Dao Wen and Yu said: "Wen is a symbol of righteousness, and Yu is the hope of the people. When it resonates, it is as loud as gold, and when it is compared with virtue, it is as bright as jade." When Yu Gong heard that the fu was completed, he asked to see it and gave it as a gift. Chan changed "望" to "俊", and "亮" to "润".
The gentleman said: Great virtue is not an official, the great way is not an instrument, the great trust is not an agreement, and the great time is not uniform. Observing these four things, you can be determined to study the root.
The ruler of the world is called the Son of Heaven. He meets the princes, assigns duties and grants government and merits, and is called "I am one person". He ascends the throne and attends sacrifices: for internal affairs, he is called "Xiao Wang So-and-so", and for external affairs, he is called "Successor Wang So-and-so". When he is in charge of the princes and ghosts and gods, he is called "You are the Heavenly King So-and-so". When he dies, he is called "The Heavenly King Blew". When he recovers, he is called "The Son of Heaven Has Recovered". When he announces his death, he is called "The Heavenly King Takes Charge". He is placed in the temple and the master is called "Emperor". Before the Son of Heaven is released from mourning, he is called "I am the little son". He is called this name when he is alive and he is called this name when he is dead.
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