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Before the Duke of Haixi was deposed, Wang Yuanlin asked Huan Yuanzi, "Ji Zi and Bi Gan have different deeds but the same heart. I wonder who is right and who is wrong, you sir?" He replied, "The reputation of benevolence is the same. I would rather be like Guan Zhong."
The Master said: “The government is not going well, the education is not successful, the rank and salary are not enough to encourage, and the punishment is not enough to shame. Therefore, the superior should not be profane and treat the rank lightly. The Kanggao says: ‘Respect and wisdom are punishment. '"Fu Xing" says: "The spread of punishment is not good. '"
The grand music director discusses the outstanding talents of the trained scholars and reports to the king, and then promotes them to the Sima, called Jinshi. The Sima discusses the talents of officials, discusses the virtuous Jinshi and reports to the king, and then decides on their opinions. After the discussion is decided, they are appointed to office, after being appointed to office, they are given titles, and after their positions are determined, they are given salaries. The officials shall be dismissed from their duties and shall not serve in the government for the rest of their lives. When they die, they shall be buried with the rites of a scholar. When there is a war, the Grand Tutor shall teach the scholars to use chariots and armor. All those who are skilled in skills and strength shall go to the four directions, bare their arms and legs, and decide on archery and charioteering. All those who are skilled in skills and serve the emperor include the historian, archer and charioteering, doctor, divination, and all kinds of craftsmen. All those who are skilled in skills and serve the emperor shall not hold two jobs, shall not transfer their positions, and shall not be ranked with scholars when they leave their hometown. Those who serve at home shall not be ranked with scholars when they leave their hometown. The Sikou shall rectify the punishment and make it clear to hear the case. He shall pierce the case three times. If there is an imperial decree but no brief, he shall not hear the case. He shall follow the lighter punishment and pardon the heavier punishment. When making the five punishments, he shall follow the heavenly judgment. The punishment shall be beautiful in the case.
The emperor collected taxes, and went through the ranks of soldiers, and personally swore an oath to the gods to train the army. He moved left and right, sat and stood up to observe their changes; and showed them the birds and salted the benefits to observe whether they would not violate orders. He sought to subdue their wills, and did not covet their gains, so that he would win in battle and receive blessings in sacrifice.
Yu Changren and his brothers entered Wu and wanted to stay overnight in a pavilion. The younger brothers went up first and saw the room full of children, none of whom had any intention of avoiding each other. Changren said, "Let me try and watch it." He then took a little boy with a stick and entered the door. The guests, seeing his divine appearance, retreated and hid themselves for a while.
Someone asked: "What is the cane for?" The answer is: a filial son who has lost his parents cries countless times, serves for three years, and becomes sick and thin, so he uses a cane to support the sick. If the father is still alive, he dare not use a cane, because the respected person is still alive; he does not use a cane in the hall, because he avoids the respected person's place; he does not rush in the hall, because he is not in a hurry. This is the will of a filial son, the reality of human nature, and the principle of etiquette and righteousness. It does not come from heaven or earth, but is just human nature.
The prime minister controls the state expenditures, and he must do so at the end of the year, when all the grains have been harvested. The size of the land used depends on the harvest and loss of the year. The state expenditures are controlled based on the general situation of thirty years, and the expenditures are calculated according to the income, and the number of sacrifices is calculated. In mourning, there is no sacrifice for three years, and only sacrifices to heaven, earth, and the altar of grain are performed. The mourning period is three years. In funerals and sacrifices, if the expenditure is insufficient, it is called excessive; if the expenditure is sufficient, it is called lavish. In sacrifices, do not be extravagant in good years and do not be frugal in bad years. A country without nine years of reserves is called insufficient; without six years of reserves, it is called urgent; without three years of reserves, it is not a country. Three years of farming will ensure one year of food; nine years of farming will ensure three years of food. With thirty years of peace, even if there is a disaster, drought or flood, and the people have no vegetables, then the emperor will eat and celebrate every day.
Zeng Zi asked, “The ministers and officials will prepare the corpse for the Duke, and they will receive the funeral rites overnight, but there is mourning in the mourning clothes. What should we do?” Confucius said, “When the corpse is taken out, it should be kept in the palace to wait for the funeral. This is the etiquette.” Confucius said, “When the corpse is taken out with a hat and a crown, the ministers, officials, and scholars should all get out of the way. The corpse must be arranged in a proper manner and must be led in front.” Zixia asked, “Is it the etiquette that the mourning period of three years is over and there is no need to avoid the funeral rites? Was there a supervisor at the beginning?” Confucius said, “The three-year mourning period of the Xia Dynasty was over, and the funeral rites were held after the funeral. The Yin people held the funeral rites after the burial. The Records says, ‘A gentleman does not deprive others of their relatives, and one should not deprive them of their relatives.’ Is this what it means?” Zixia said, “There is no need to avoid the funeral rites, is it not? Confucius said, "I heard Lao Dan say that Duke Boqin of Lu did it for a purpose. I don't know who is following the benefit of the three-year mourning period now!"
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