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When Confucius was at home, Zixia served him. Zixia said, "May I ask what the Book of Songs says: 'The noble and the gentleman are the parents of the people'. How can this be called the parents of the people? ”Confucius said: "The parents of the people must understand the origin of ritual and music, so as to achieve the five ultimates, and practice the three nothings, so as to be able to rule the world. If there is a defeat in the four directions, they must know it first. This is called the parents of the people. ”
Gu Changkang said: "It is easy to play the five-stringed instrument, but it is difficult to watch the wild geese fly back home."
When Confucius was in auspicious days, he played the zither for five days but couldn't make any sound, and played the sheng for ten days.
From Hengshan to Nanhe, it is close for a thousand li; from Nanhe to Jiang, it is close for a thousand li. From Jiang to Hengshan, it is a thousand li away; from Donghe to Donghai, it is a thousand li away. From Donghe to Xihe, it is close for a thousand li; from Xihe to Liusha, it is a thousand li away. The west is not full of the Quicksand, the south is not full of the Hengshan Mountains, the east is not close to the East Sea, and the north is not full of the Hengshan Mountains. Within the four seas, the long and short are supplemented, and the square of 3,000 li is 80 trillion and 1 trillion mu of land. The square of 100 li is 9 billion mu of land: mountains, forests, rivers, canals, cities, palaces, roads and lanes, one third minus one, the remaining 6 billion mu.
In this month, the day is short. Yin and Yang are in conflict, and all living things are disturbed. Gentlemen should be vigilant and cover their bodies when they go. If you want to be at peace, you should avoid noise and sex, and restrain your desires. You should be at peace with your body and quiet in your affairs, waiting for the yin and yang to settle. The weeds begin to grow, the lychees emerge, the earthworms knot, the elk horns fall off, and the springs stir. When the day is short, you should cut down trees and take bamboo arrows.
In this month, the emperor tasted millet with young children and offered peaches to the temple first. He ordered the people not to dye with indigo, burn ashes, or expose cloth. The gates and gates should not be closed, and the market should not be searched. The heavy prisoners should be released and their food should be increased. The mares should be separated from the group, and the foals should be tied up and the horses should be divided.
People at that time discussed whether Emperor Wu of Jin made more mistakes by expelling the King of Qi or by enthroning Emperor Hui. Many people said that it was important to establish Emperor Hui. Huan Wen said: "If not, why not let the son inherit the father's business and the younger brother carry on the family sacrifices?"
Ritual is to the right state: it is like a scale to weight, a ruler to straightness, and a compass to squareness. Therefore, if the scale is honestly hung, it cannot be deceived by the weight; if the ruler is honestly laid out, it cannot be deceived by the crookedness; if the rules are honestly set up, it cannot be deceived by the squareness and roundness; a gentleman examines the rites and cannot be accused of treachery. Therefore, those who respect the rites and follow the rites are called the gentlemen with the rules; those who do not respect the rites and do not follow the rites are called the people without the rules. It is the way of respect and yielding. Therefore, when serving the ancestral temple, one is respectful; when entering the court, the noble and the humble have their positions; when living at home, the father and son are close and the brothers are harmonious; when living in the village, the elders and the young are in order. Confucius said: "To settle the state and govern the people, nothing is better than rites." This is what he meant.
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