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When the senior officials and scholars leave their country, they shall cry for the altar and the country. They shall wear white clothes, white skirts, white caps, white hems, white sandals, and white caps, and ride horses. They shall not be early. They shall not offer food, nor shall they persuade people to be innocent; women shall not be concubines. They shall return to the service after three months.
It is better to not be in decline than to be inappropriate. One should not sit at the side in mourning, and one should not serve in service for great achievements.
Wang Jing was poor when he was young, and later he rose to the position of 2,000 official officials. His mother said to him, "You were born in a poor family, and now you have risen to the position of 2,000 official officials. Is this enough?" Jing was of no use. He was the Secretary of State and helped Wei, but was disloyal to Jin and was captured. He wept and said goodbye to his mother, "I have not obeyed your command until today!" His mother showed no sadness at all, and said to him, "As a son, you should be filial, and as a minister, you should be loyal. You are filial and loyal, so how can you fail me?"
When Taifu Xie was lingering in Dongshan, he went sailing on the sea with Sun Xinggong and others. The wind was blowing and the waves were surging. Sun, Wang and others were all shocked and ordered their men to return. The Taifu had a solemn look on his face, chanting and whistling without saying a word. The boatman thought the gentleman looked relaxed, but he still kept going. The wind suddenly turned strong and the waves became fierce; everyone was noisy and could not sit still. Gong Xuyun said: "If this continues, there will be no way back!" Everyone immediately responded and went back. Therefore, he was judged to be capable of maintaining peace in the government and the country.
The mourning period of two periods is three years; the mourning period of two years is two years. The mourning period of the ninth and seventh months is three periods; the mourning period of the fifth month is two periods; the mourning period of the third month is one period. Therefore, offering sacrifices at a certain time is a ritual; and ending mourning at a certain time is the way. Offering sacrifices is not the ending of mourning. Those who are buried three years later must offer sacrifices again, and the mourning period is not the same as the time between offering sacrifices. The great merit is the mourning of the master, and if it is three years, then sacrifices must be offered twice. For friends, only the yu and bu are required. If a scholar or concubine has a son, she shall be mourned for him, but if she has no son, then it is not required. If the grandparents, fathers, brothers and sisters are not born, the father shall be taxed for mourning, but the person shall not be taxed. If the parents, wife and eldest son of the monarch are mourned, the monarch shall not be taxed after the mourning is ended. For close ministers, the monarch shall wear this kind of clothes; the rest shall follow the mourning and not follow the tax. Although the monarch does not know about the mourning, the ministers have already worn it.
The Master said: "Foolish and self-righteous, lowly and self-centered, born in this world, go against the ancient ways: such people will bring disaster to themselves." If you are not the Son of Heaven, you cannot discuss rituals, establish systems, or examine texts. Today, the world has the same track for vehicles, the same writing, and the same ethics. Even if you have the position, if you do not have the virtue, you dare not create rituals and music; even if you have the virtue, if you do not have the position, you dare not create rituals and music. Confucius said: "I explained the Xia rituals, but Qi was not enough to prove it. I learned the Yin rituals, and Song still has them. I learned the Zhou rituals, and now I use them, so I follow Zhou."
Youzi asked Zengzi: "Have you asked about funerals, Master?" He said: "I have heard that funerals want to get poor quickly, and death wants to decay quickly." Youzi said: "This is not what a gentleman says." Zengzi said: "Shen heard it from the Master." Youzi said again: "This is not what a gentleman says." Zengzi said: "Shen and Ziyou heard it." Youzi said: "Yes, then the Master said it for a reason." Zengzi told Ziyou this. Ziyou said, "How wonderful! Youzi's words are similar to yours. Once upon a time, when the Master was living in Song, he saw Sima Huan making a stone coffin for himself, which took three years to complete. The Master said, 'If it is so, then it is better to decay quickly than to die.' The desire to decay quickly was what Sima Huan said. When Nangong Jingshu returned, he would bring treasures with him to the court. The Master said, 'If it is so, then it is better to become poor quickly than to be buried.' The desire to become poor quickly was what Jingshu said." Zengzi told him what Ziyou said. When Youzi was talking to Youzi, Youzi said, "Yes, I have always said that this is not what the Master said." Zengzi said, "How do you know this?" Youzi said, "The Master made a four-inch coffin and a five-inch outer coffin in Zhongdu, so he knew that he did not want to decay quickly. In the past, when the Master lost the position of Sikou of Lu and was about to go to Jing, he first asked Zixia and then Ran You, so he knew that he did not want to become poor quickly."
The way of heaven is the highest teaching, and the sage is the highest virtue. Above the temple hall, the Lei Zun is in the east, and the Xi Zun is in the west. Below the temple hall, the Xian Gu is in the west, and the Ying Gu is in the east. The king is in the east, and the lady is in the room. The sun is born in the east, and the moon is born in the west. This is the division of yin and yang, and the position of husband and wife. The king drinks from the Xi Xiang in the west, and the lady drinks from the Lei Zun in the east. The interaction of rituals moves above, and the interaction of music responds to below, which is the ultimate harmony. Rituals are to reflect what they are born from; music is to enjoy what they are made from. Therefore, the ancient kings established rituals to regulate affairs and cultivate music to guide their will. Therefore, by observing their rituals and music, we can know whether they are in order or not. Qu Boyu said: "A gentleman is a man of great ability, so by observing his utensils, we can know his skill; by observing his hair, we can know his wisdom." Therefore, it is said: "A gentleman is careful about what he gives to others."
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