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Zigong withdrew and said to You, “May I ask if rituals are used to lead to evil and complete good?” The Master said, “Yes.” “Then what?” The Master said, “The meaning of suburban and communal sacrifices is to benevolent to ghosts and gods; the ritual of tasting the sacrifices is to benevolent to the ancestors and grandparents; the ritual of offering sacrifices is to benevolent to the dead and the dead; the ritual of shooting in the village is to benevolent to the villagers; the ritual of eating and drinking is to benevolent to guests.” The Master said, “If you understand the meaning of suburban and communal sacrifices and the ritual of tasting the sacrifices, governing the country will be as easy as pointing to the palm of your hand! Therefore, with this, the residence is well-mannered, so the elders and the younger ones are distinguished. With this, the inner chambers are well-mannered, so the three clans are harmonious. With this, the court is well-mannered, so the official ranks are well-organized. With this, the hunting is well-mannered, so the military affairs are relaxed. With this, the military is well-mannered, so the military achievements are accomplished. Therefore, the palaces are built with the right scale, the tripods are measured with the right image, the food is served at the right time, the music is played with the right rhythm, the carriages are well-mannered, the ghosts and gods are worshipped with the right style, the funerals are mournful, the arguments are well-organized, the officials are well-organized, and the government affairs are well-implemented; they are applied to the body and arranged in front of the people, so that all the actions of the people are well-organized. ”
When serving food to a gentleman, eat first and then stop; do not leave the food or drink it fluently; eat small portions and quickly; do not eat too much. The guest should drink by himself and stop when he says goodbye. The guest's cup should be on the left, and his drink should be on the left. Right; the jiejue, zujue, and xujue are all on the right. When offering fish, the tail is served; in winter, the fat is served on the right, and in summer, the fin is served on the right; when offering meat. In all cases, hold it with the right and place it on the left. Offer money from the left, and edict from the right. Servant of the corpse is like servant of the king. When in the car, hold the reins with the left and receive the jug with the right, and drink from the left and right. When offering sacrifices, offer sacrifices inside the sacrificial table. Gentlemen do not eat meat. Young men walk but do not rush, and when offering, sit down and drink when offering. When washing, wash your hands. Lungs of cattle and sheep , leaving without lifting the heart. All the dishes with scallions are not to be taken together. Choosing onions and scallions for a gentleman cuts off the root and the end. For the dish head, offer the beak to the ear. The left of the drinker is the highest dish. The pottery is facing the nose. Drinkers, those who worship, and those who offer sacrifices have to break the table and not sit down. Before stepping into the cup, do not taste the dishes. The fishy smell of cattle, sheep, and fish is cut into sashimi; elk is pickled, wild boar is xuan, all of which are cut and not cut; deer is made into piji, rabbit is made into wanpi, all of which are cut and not cut. Cut the onion into pieces like scallions, and put them in a sauce to soften them. If there is a person who breaks the table, take the sacrificial lungs, turn them over, and do not sit; the same is true for burning. For corpses, sit.
Zeng Zi asked: "Do you mourn for three years?" Confucius said: "In the three-year mourning, you should be dressed, not stand in a group, and do not travel. Gentlemen use etiquette to embellish their feelings. If you mourn for three years, isn't it empty?" Zeng Zi asked: "The officials and scholars can get rid of their private mourning, but they have the monarch's mourning clothes. How can they get rid of it?" Confucius said: "If you have the monarch's mourning clothes on your body, you dare not wear them privately. How can you get rid of them? So it is not removed after the time has passed. In the case of the king's mourning, mourning is removed before offering sacrifices, which is a ritual. Zengzi asked, "Is it okay not to remove mourning for parents?" Confucius said, "The ancient kings established rituals, and did not perform them after the time has passed, which is a ritual; it is not that they cannot do it, but they are worried that it is too much. Therefore, a gentleman does not offer sacrifices after the time has passed, which is a ritual. Zengzi asked, "When the king dies, after the funeral, if the minister has parents in mourning, what should I do?" Confucius said, "Return home and live at home. If there are important things, go to the king's place and see him off morning and evening." He said, "After the king has been buried, if the minister has parents in mourning, what should I do?" Confucius said, "Go home and cry and come back to see the king off." He said, "If the king has not buried his parents, and the minister has parents in mourning, what should I do?" Confucius said, "Go home and cry and come back to see the king off. If there are important things, go back and see him off morning and evening. For officials, the old man in the house will perform the ritual; for scholars, the descendants will perform the ritual. The wife of a great official, if there is a serious matter, should also go to the king's place, morning and night. "
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最新章节:安排(2025-03-22)
更新时间:2025-03-22
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