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Xian Zi Suo said: "I heard that in ancient times, there was no decline, and the upper and lower classes each chose their relatives. Teng Bowen mourned for Menghu, his uncle; he mourned for Mengpi, his uncle." Hou Mu said: "Mourning, I heard from the county masters that mourning must be thought deeply and long, and the coffin should be changed inside and outside. I will do the same when I die." Zengzi said: "The corpse has not been decorated yet, so the hall is covered with curtains, and the burial is small and the curtains are clear." Zhongliangzi said: "The husband and wife are in chaos, so the hall is covered with curtains, and the burial is small and the curtains are clear." For the small burial, Ziyou said: "In the east." Zengzi said: "In the west, the mat is gathered." The small burial was in the west, which was a loss in the late Lu ritual. Xianzi said, "The mourning clothes and skirts are not ancient." Zi Pu died, and the weeping people cried out. Zi Gao said, "This is wild." The weeping people changed.
Ritual is to the right state: it is like a scale to weight, a ruler to straightness, and a compass to squareness. Therefore, if the scale is honestly hung, it cannot be deceived by the weight; if the ruler is honestly laid out, it cannot be deceived by the crookedness; if the rules are honestly set up, it cannot be deceived by the squareness and roundness; a gentleman examines the rites and cannot be accused of treachery. Therefore, those who respect the rites and follow the rites are called the gentlemen with the rules; those who do not respect the rites and do not follow the rites are called the people without the rules. It is the way of respect and yielding. Therefore, when serving the ancestral temple, one is respectful; when entering the court, the noble and the humble have their positions; when living at home, the father and son are close and the brothers are harmonious; when living in the village, the elders and the young are in order. Confucius said: "To settle the state and govern the people, nothing is better than rites." This is what he meant.
The Master said: "Shun is a great filial son! Virtue is a saint, and respect is heaven. Son, you are rich in the four seas. The ancestral temples offer you a feast, and your descendants protect you. Therefore, a person of great virtue will surely get his position, his salary, his reputation, and his longevity. Therefore, the creatures of heaven must be based on their talents. Therefore, those who plant will cultivate them, and those who tilt will overturn them. The Book of Songs says: "A gentleman of good fortune is a man of virtue. He is kind to the people and kind to others. He receives the salary from heaven, and is blessed by the destiny, which is granted by heaven. ' Therefore, a person of great virtue will surely receive the destiny. "
Emperor Cheng of Han favored Zhao Feiyan, who slandered Ban Jieyu and cursed her, so he interrogated her. She said, "I have heard that life and death are determined by fate, and wealth and honor are determined by heaven. If I cannot be blessed by doing good deeds, what is the hope of doing evil deeds? If the ghosts and gods are knowledgeable, they will not accept the complaints of evildoers; if they are ignorant, what is the point of complaining? So I will not do it."
In ancient times, the seams of the hat were shrunk, but now, the seams are horizontal; so the hat of mourning is auspicious, which is not the ancient way. Zengzi said to Zisi: "Ji! When I was in mourning for my parents, I did not drink water for seven days." Zisi said: "The ancient kings established the rituals, those who passed by should bow down to reach it, and those who did not reach it should stand on tiptoe to reach it. Therefore, when a gentleman is in mourning for his parents, he should not drink water for three days, and he can only stand up after being caned." Zengzi said: "If small merits are not taxed, then distant brothers will never mourn, is that right?"
Yuan Yue is eloquent, good at speaking both long and short sentences, and also has precise logic. He first served as a military officer under Xie Xuan and was treated with great courtesy. After Ding Jian died, he returned to the capital after his mourning period, and only supported the Warring States Policy. He said to people, "When I was young, I read the Analects of Confucius and Laozi, and also read Zhuangzi and Yi Jing. These are all painful things. What good can they do? The most important thing in the world is the Strategies of the Warring States." After he went down, he persuaded King Sima Xiaowen, who treated him very well and almost disrupted his plans. Soon he was executed.
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