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Zigong asked Confucius, "May I ask why gentlemen value jade and despise enamel? Is it because jade is scarce and enamel is plentiful?" Confucius said, "It is not because enamel is plentiful that they despise it, but because jade is scarce that they value it. In the past, gentlemen compared virtues to jade: warm and moist, it is benevolence; meticulous and fine, it is knowledge; incorruptible but not sharp, it is righteousness; hanging like a string, it is courtesy; knocking, the sound is clear and long, and it bends at the end, it is music; flaws do not cover the beauty, and beauty does not cover the flaws, it is loyalty; trustworthiness is everywhere, it is trustworthiness; aura is like a white rainbow, it is heaven; spirit is seen in mountains and rivers, it is earth; jade is outstanding, it is virtue. What is valued by all in the world is the Tao. The Book of Songs says, 'When I think of a gentleman, he is as warm as jade.' Therefore, gentlemen value it."
The king's system of salary and rank is five levels: duke, marquis, earl, viscount, and baron. The princes have five levels: senior officials, ministers, junior officials, senior officers, middle officers, and junior officers.
Wang Xiuling was once very poor in Dongshan. Tao Hu Nu was the magistrate of Wucheng and sent him a boatload of rice, but he refused to take it. The direct answer was, "If Wang Xiuling is hungry, he should ask Renzu for food instead of Tao Hu Numi."
Wang Ziyou served as a cavalry officer under Huan. Huan asked, "What is your department?" He replied, "I don't know. I see horses coming from time to time. I think I am in the horse department." Huan asked again, "How many horses do you have?" He replied, "If I don't ask about the horses, how can I know the number?" Huan asked again, "How many horses are dead?" He replied, "If I don't know the living, how can I know the dead?"
In the funeral of a king, if there is no small burial, he will leave as a guest of the duke; in the funeral of an official, if there is no small burial, he will leave at the order of the king; in the funeral of a scholar, he will leave without burial for an official. Whenever the host leaves, he goes barefoot, with his hem tied to his waist and his heart beat, and descends from the west steps. The king bows to the guest of state and the minister of honor at his seat; the minister, at the king's order, meets him outside the bedroom door; the messenger goes up to the hall to tell the death, and the host bows below; the scholar cries with the minister in person; he does not go against the door, the lady goes out for the lady of the king, the lady goes out for the lady's order, and the scholar's wife should not be buried, so the lady goes out.
The emperor's great wax is eight. Yijishi first made wax, and wax means to ask. In the twelfth month of the year, all things are gathered together and asked to be feasted. The wax sacrifice is: the master first saves, and the priest saves. Sacrifice a hundred kinds of things in return for saving. Sacrificing farmers and postal officials, birds and beasts is the highest level of benevolence and the ultimate of righteousness. The ancient gentleman must repay what he has done. Welcoming cats is because they eat field mice; welcoming tigers is because they eat field pigs. Welcoming and offering sacrifices is a matter of duty. It is said that "the soil returns to its home", water returns to its ravine, insects do not work, and plants and trees return to their marshes. Leather hats and white clothes are used for sacrifice. White clothes are used to send off the dead. Kudzu belts and hazel sticks are used for mourning and killing. The wax sacrifice is the highest level of benevolence and the ultimate of righteousness. Yellow clothes and yellow crowns are used for sacrifice, which means resting the farmers. The wild man wears a yellow crown; the yellow crown is a straw dress. The Great Luo family is the emperor's master of birds and beasts, and the princes pay tribute to them. They come with a straw hat to respect the wild clothes. The Luo family presented a deer and a woman, and ordered the guests to report. To warn the princes: "Those who love fields and women will lose their countries." The emperor planted melons and flowers, but did not store the seeds. The eight waxes are used to mark the four directions. If the four directions are not prosperous in the year, the eight waxes will not flow, so as to be cautious of the people's money. When the prosperity is favorable, the waxes will flow, so as to migrate. After the waxes, the harvest is harvested and the people have rested. Therefore, after the waxes, the gentleman does not start work.
It is the festival of a boy. The black cloth clothes are brocade-edged, the brocade belt, and the button brocade, and the hair is all red brocade. Boys do not wear fur or silk, shoes or silk, and do not wear mourning clothes. Listening to affairs does not require hemp. If there is no business, he will stand to the north of the host and see the teacher enter with others. Those who serve food to the teacher with different titles will offer sacrifices later and eat first. When the guest offers sacrifices, the host declines and says, "It is not enough to offer sacrifices." When the guest eats, the host declines with a sparse. If the host prepares his own sauce, the guest will clean it himself. In a room, one person who is not a guest should clean up. In a meal, one person should clean up. In banquets, women should not clean up. When eating dates, peaches, and plums, do not take the core. When offering melons, throw away the rings in the middle of the food. Those who eat fruits should eat after the gentlemen, and those who light the fire should eat before the gentlemen. In celebrations, do not congratulate unless the king gives gifts. Confucius ate at Ji's house, and did not refuse. He did not eat meat and ate.
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