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Zai Wo said, "I have heard of the names of ghosts and gods, but I do not know what they are." Confucius said, "Qi is the flourishing of the spirit; Po is the flourishing of the ghost; the combination of ghosts and gods is the ultimate teaching. All living things must die, and after death they must return to the earth: this is called ghosts. Bones and flesh die below, and the shade becomes wild soil; their qi spreads above, becoming bright, scorching, and mournful. This is the essence of all things and the manifestation of the spirit. Based on the essence of things, it is made to the extreme, and the ghosts and gods are made clear, so that they are the example of the people. The hundreds of people fear them, and the ten thousand people obey them." The sage thought that this was not enough, so he built palaces and called them ancestral temples to distinguish between relatives and strangers, and taught the people to return to the ancient times and never forget where they were born. The people obeyed from this, so they listened and were quick. After the two ends were established, they responded with two rituals. When building court affairs, burning meat and vegetables, and showing the light of the sky, to respond to the qi. This is to teach the people to return to the beginning. Offering millet and sorghum, showing respect to the liver, lungs, head and heart, and offering chivalrous wine to the occasion, and adding yuchang wine, is to repay the soul. Teaching the people to love each other and the superiors and subordinates to use affection is the highest etiquette.

How are you, sir?

Duke Ai asked Ru Bei to learn the funeral rites of scholars from Confucius, and the funeral rites of scholars were written there. Zigong watched the wax. Confucius asked, "Are you happy?" He replied, "All the people in the country are crazy, and I don't know how to be happy!" Confucius said, "A hundred days of wax and a day of radiance are not what you know. If you stretch without relaxing, civil and military officials cannot do it; if you relax without stretching, civil and military officials cannot do it. Tension and relaxation are the way of civil and military officials."

Wild Throne

When Duke Huan was in Jingzhou, he wanted to influence the Jiang and Han rivers with his virtue, and was ashamed to use power and punishment to subdue people. The official was being beaten with a stick and was passing over the red-clothed man. Huan Shi was young and came from outside. He said, "I just passed by your Excellency and saw the clerk receiving a stick. The upper part touched the root of the cloud and the lower part touched the ground." His intention was not to criticize. Duke Huan said, "I am still worried about its severity."

Fugui

Magpie

The Duke said, “Why don’t gentlemen today practice this?” Confucius said, “Gentlemen today are insatiable in their love of goods, untiring in their indulgence of virtue, idle and arrogant, and are sure to destroy the people. They use the people at noon to attack those who have the Way; they seek what they want, not what they should. In the past, people were used from the front, but now people are used from the back. Gentlemen today do not practice etiquette.”

Time flies with you, no regrets

There was a great historian in Wei named Liu Zhuang who was ill. The Duke said, "If the illness worsens, you must inform me even if you are supposed to offer sacrifices." The Duke bowed twice and asked for the corpse, saying, "There is a minister named Liu Zhuang, who is not my minister, but a minister of the state. I heard that he died, so I will go." He went without taking off his mourning clothes, and then wrapped him up. He gave him the name of the Qiu family in the city and the name of the Pan family in the county, and put it in the coffin, saying, "My descendants will be there for generations, and there will be no change."