Shi Yi 367涓囧瓧 484583浜鸿杩 杩炶浇
銆娞焯迷谙呔费侵拮酆贤俱
Duke Ai asked Confucius, "What is the great ritual? Why do gentlemen talk about ritual with such respect?" Confucius said, "I am a small man, not qualified to know ritual." The duke said, "No! I am talking about it." Confucius said, "I have heard that ritual is the most important thing for the people to live. Without ritual, there is no way to respect the gods of heaven and earth, no way to distinguish the positions of the ruler and the minister, the superior and the inferior, the old and the young, no way to distinguish the closeness of men and women, fathers and sons, brothers, and the relationship between relatives and strangers. A gentleman respects this and teaches the people with what he can, and does not abolish the festival. After things are accomplished, he will then prepare the carvings and ornaments to continue. After they are in compliance, he will talk about funerals, prepare the tripods and sacrificial vessels, set up the pork and basil, repair the ancestral temple, and worship at the right time and order the clan. Then he will make his house comfortable, dress modestly, and humble his palace. He will not carve the table on his car, nor carve the utensils, nor eat two different kinds of food, so that he can share the benefits with the people. The gentleman of the past practiced ritual. 鈥
When serving the king, the 琚嗚。 hangs down, the feet are like shoes, the chin hangs down, looks down and listens up, looks at the belt and the 瑗㈣。, and listens to the left. When the king summons, he wears three sections: two sections for running and one section for walking. In office, do not wait for shoes, and outside, do not wait for cars. When a scholar meets an official, he dare not bow to greet him but bow to see him off; when a scholar meets a respected person, he bows first and then walks away. When a scholar talks to a lord, if an official dies, he should be called by his given name, and be called a scholar. When talking to an official, he should be called a scholar and be called a scholar. When talking to an official, he should be called a scholar and be called a scholar. When meeting an official, there are public taboos but no private taboos. There is no taboo in sacrifices, temples, or teaching. In ancient times, gentlemen must wear jade, with Zhengjiao on the right and Gongyu on the left. When walking, he should use the "Cai Qi" and walk in the "Si Xia". He should return to the middle rule and bend to the middle rule. When he advances, he should bow and when he retreats, he should raise his head, and then the jade will ring. Therefore, when a gentleman is in a car, he can hear the sound of the phoenix, and when he walks, his jade will ring. Therefore, if he does not have a dignified heart, he will not enter.
For the funeral of a king: for three days, sons and wives use sticks, and after the funeral on the fifth day, the grand officials and their wives are given sticks. Sons and grand officials use sticks outside the bedroom door, and they are gathered inside the bedroom door; the wives and their wives are next and use sticks, and when he ascends the throne, he has someone hold them. Sons take off their sticks when they have the king's order, and gather their sticks when they have the king's order, and take off their sticks when they listen to divination and have something to do with the corpse. Grand officials gather their sticks when they are at the king's place, and they use sticks when they are at the grand officials' place. For the funeral of a grand official: after the funeral on the third day, the master, the master's wife, and the old man in the house all use sticks. Grand officials take off their sticks when they have the king's order, and gather their sticks when they have the order of the grand officials; the wife takes off her stick when she has the order of her wife, and she is given a stick when she has the order of her wife. For the funeral of a scholar: for two days, the funeral is held, and for three days, the master takes off his stick, and the wives all use sticks. For the king's order and the wife's order, the order is the same as for the grand officials, and for the grand officials and their wives' order, the order is the same as for the grand officials. Sons all use sticks, and they don't ascend the throne. When a senior official or scholar mourns a funeral, he uses a staff; when mourning over a coffin, he uses a staff. If he discards a staff, he breaks it and throws it to the hermit.
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