Yanfang Ya 34涓囧瓧 22551浜鸿杩 杩炶浇
銆娧侵奚酆咸焯醚侵捭
All three kings must teach the crown prince with rituals and music. Music is used to cultivate the inner self; rites are used to cultivate the outer self. Rites and music interweave within and manifest themselves in the outer self. Therefore, the result is joy, respect, and gentleness. The establishment of a great tutor and a junior tutor to raise the child is to make him know the way of father and son, and the way of the ruler and his subjects. The great tutor examines the way of father and son, and the way of the ruler and his subjects and shows it to him; the junior tutor serves the crown prince to observe the virtues of the great tutor and to teach him. The great tutor is in front, and the junior tutor is in the back; when entering, there is a guardian, and when leaving, there is a teacher. This is how virtue is cultivated through teaching and teaching. A teacher is one who teaches and teaches virtues through things; a guardian is one who is careful in his own conduct to assist and guide him and return to the way. The Records says: "In the Yu, Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties, there were teachers and guardians, and there were ministers." Four assistants and three dukes were set up. They were not necessarily appointed, but only the right people were appointed. It is said that the gentleman is capable. When virtue is established, teaching is respected, teaching is respected, and officials are upright, and officials are upright, and the country is governed. This is what a monarch is. Zhongni said: "In the past, when the Duke of Zhou was regent, he took the throne and ruled. He followed the example of Boqin, so that he could help King Cheng. I heard that: If a minister sacrifices his own life to benefit the monarch, he will do it. How much more so, if he sacrifices his own life to benefit the monarch? The Duke of Zhou did it well!" Therefore, only when you know how to be a son can you be a father; only when you know how to be a minister can you be a monarch; only when you know how to serve people can you lead people. King Cheng was young and could not take the throne. If he was the crown prince, he would not be able to do anything. Therefore, the crown prince followed the example of Boqin and made him live with King Cheng, so that King Cheng would know the righteousness of father and son, monarch and minister, and elder and younger. The monarch is close to the crown prince as a father and respects him as a monarch. Only when you have the closeness of a father and the respect of a monarch can you control the world. Therefore, you must be careful when raising the crown prince. The only one who can achieve three good things by doing one thing is the crown prince. This is what it means to be a good scholar. Therefore, when the crown prince is in school, the people of the country look at it and ask: "Why do you give me the throne and let me have the same age?" He said: "When the father is around, it is polite, but everyone knows the way of father and son." The second question is: "Why do you give me the throne and let me have the same age?" He said: "When the king is around, it is polite, but everyone is obsessed with the righteousness of the king and the minister." The third question is: "Why do you give me the throne and let me have the same age?" He said: "The elder is the elder, but everyone knows the distinction between the elder and the younger." Therefore, when the father is here, he is the son, and when the king is here, he is the minister. The distinction between son and minister is to respect the king and love relatives. Therefore, learn to be a father and son, learn to be a king and a minister, learn to be the elder and the younger. The way of father and son, king and minister, and the elder and the younger is obtained, and the country is governed. There is a saying: "The music is in charge of the industry, the father and the teacher are in charge of the completion. If there is a good person, all nations will be loyal." This is what the crown prince means. Duke Zhou ascended the throne.
Xi Chao and Xie Xuan were not on good terms. When Fu Jian was about to challenge the Jin throne, he had already devoured Liang and Qi like a wolves, and was now eyeing Huaiyin like a tiger. At that time, the court discussed sending Xuan to the north to fight, and there were many different opinions among people. Wei Chao said: "This will surely help. I once worked with him in Huan Xuanwu's office and saw that all talents were used to the fullest, and even those who were just clogs were given the job. Judging from this, Rong will surely be able to achieve great success." After Yuan Gong was accomplished, people at that time all admired Chao's foresight and respected his ability to not hide his kindness due to love and hate.
When a king enters the door, he should brush the doorway, and a senior official should stand between the middle and the middle of the doorway, and a scholar should brush the doorway. Guests should not enter the middle of the door or step on the threshold. Public affairs should be conducted from the west of the doorway, and private affairs should be conducted from the east of the doorway. When a king and a corpse walk together, a senior official should follow the steps, and a scholar should walk in the middle. When walking slowly, they should all follow this. When walking quickly, one should not move his hands or feet, and a pig in a circle should not lift its feet, but should move in unison like a stream. The same is true for those at the table. When walking upright, one's chin should flow like an arrow, and when walking with a hat on, one should lift his shoes and hold a tortoise shell, lift his front and drag his heels, and walk slowly. When walking, one should be in a state of dignified and orderly manner, and the temple should be in a state of mingled and the court should be full of people. The gentleman's face is relaxed and slow, and he is respectful when he sees someone he respects. His feet are heavy, his hands are respectful, his eyes are upright, his mouth is still, his voice is quiet, his head is straight, his aura is solemn, his posture is virtuous, his expression is solemn, he sits like a corpse, and when he is at home, he is warm and gentle. When offering sacrifices, his face and color are as if he sees the person he is offering sacrifices to. His expression is full of sorrow, his expression is dazed, his eyes are agitated, his speech is cocooned, his expression is fierce, his speech is rude, his expression is stern, and his eyes are clear. His appearance is clear, he is humble but not flattering, his head and neck must be in the right place, he stands upright and walks in time, his aura is full and solid, and his complexion is elegant. When referring to oneself: the emperor says "I am the only one", the baron says "the emperor's powerful minister". The princes say to the emperor "the minister who guards such and such a land", and those in the border towns say "the minister who protects such and such a land". Those who are inferior to the enemy say "I am the one", the ruler of a small country says "I am the only one", and those who are exiled also say "I am the only one". The senior officials are called lower ministers, and those who are banished are called the widowed monarch's elders. The junior officials name themselves, and those who are banished are called the widowed officials. The crown prince names himself, and those who are banished are called the widowed monarch's suitable ones. The princes are called the ministers of the ministers. The scholars are called the ministers of ... The country of the eight barbarians is outside the south gate, facing north and going east. The country of the six Rong is outside the west gate, facing east and going south. The country of the five Di is outside the north gate, facing south and going east. The country of the nine Cai is outside the Ying Gate, facing north and going east. The four barriers are there, and the world is here. This is the location of the Mingtang of Duke Zhou. The Mingtang is to clarify the nobility and inferiority of the princes.
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