Gong Ning'an 359涓囧瓧 565703浜鸿杩 杩炶浇
銆娋饭访酪磺
The Master said: 鈥淎 ruler of a country should make clear what is good and what is bad, so as to show the people kindness, and then the people will not be double-minded. The Book of Songs says: 鈥楤e calm and share your position, and be good at being upright. 鈥欌 The Master said: 鈥淚f the superior is suspicious, the people will be confused; if the subordinate is difficult to know, the ruler will be overworked. Therefore, a ruler who governs the people should make clear what is good to show the people, be careful of what is bad to prevent the people from being licentious, and then the people will not be confused. The ministers should follow the manners, not be heavy-handed, not support what they cannot do, and not bother what they do not know, and then the ruler will not be overworked. The Book of Songs says: 鈥楾he God is strict, and the people are at peace. 鈥 The Xiaoya says: 鈥業t is not that they only share, but that the king is in harmony. 鈥欌
Duke Ai asked Confucius, "What is the great ritual? Why do gentlemen talk about ritual with such respect?" Confucius said, "I am a small man, not qualified to know ritual." The duke said, "No! I am talking about it." Confucius said, "I have heard that ritual is the most important thing for the people to live. Without ritual, there is no way to respect the gods of heaven and earth, no way to distinguish the positions of the ruler and the minister, the superior and the inferior, the old and the young, no way to distinguish the closeness of men and women, fathers and sons, brothers, and the relationship between relatives and strangers. A gentleman respects this and teaches the people with what he can, and does not abolish the festival. After things are accomplished, he will then prepare the carvings and ornaments to continue. After they are in compliance, he will talk about funerals, prepare the tripods and sacrificial vessels, set up the pork and basil, repair the ancestral temple, and worship at the right time and order the clan. Then he will make his house comfortable, dress modestly, and humble his palace. He will not carve the table on his car, nor carve the utensils, nor eat two different kinds of food, so that he can share the benefits with the people. The gentleman of the past practiced ritual. 鈥
When Yuan Hong first wrote the Fu on the Eastern Expedition, he did not mention Tao Yuanming at all. The Hu slave lured him into a narrow room, pointed a sword at him, and said, "The merits of our ancestors were so great! You wrote the poem about the Eastern Expedition, how could you ignore it?" Hong was embarrassed and had no idea, so he replied, "I am the Great Dao Master, why do you say I have nothing?" Then he recited, "Fine gold is refined a hundred times, and it can be cut. His merits are to govern people, and his duty is to quell rebellions. Changsha's merits are praised by history."
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