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The concubine's son does not offer sacrifices to make his clan clear. The concubine's son cannot be the eldest son for three years, and he cannot succeed the ancestor. The ancestor is the ancestor, the successor is the clan, and the successor is the minor clan. There are clans that will not be moved for a hundred generations, and the clans that will be moved after five generations. Those who will not be moved for a hundred generations are the descendants of the concubine's son; the clan that succeeds the concubine's son is the one who will not be moved for a hundred generations. The one who succeeds the great ancestor is the one who moves after five generations. Respecting the ancestors means respecting the clan. Respecting the clan is the meaning of respecting the ancestors. There are those who have a small clan but no big clan, those who have a big clan but no small clan, and those who have no clan but no one to be the clan, such as the princes. The princes have the way of clan: the princes are the common people of the scholars and officials, and the princes are the way of clan. The relatives are not transferred, and the relatives are the relatives.
When Xie E and his companions discussed the merits and demerits of the Bamboo Grove, Xie Gong said, "Our predecessors did not praise or criticize the Seven Sages at first."
The way of a gentleman is like starting from near when he wants to go far, and starting from low when he wants to climb high. The Book of Songs says: "Wife and wife are in harmony, like playing the harp and the lyre. Brothers are in harmony, and they are happy and indulgent. Be good to your family, and enjoy your wife and money." Confucius said: "Parents are obedient!"
Morality, benevolence and righteousness cannot be achieved without propriety, and teaching and correcting customs cannot be achieved without propriety. When resolving disputes, do not make the decision without proper etiquette. The relationship between the ruler and his subjects, father and son, and brothers cannot be determined without propriety. When an official studies or serves a teacher, he should not be close to him without proper etiquette. When Ban Chao governs the army and takes office to enforce the law, he must act with propriety and dignity. Praying to temples and offering sacrifices to ghosts and gods are not polite, sincere or solemn. Therefore, a gentleman is respectful, frugal, and yielding in order to show courtesy. Parrots can speak, but they are still birds; orangutans can speak, but they are still animals. People nowadays are rude, even if they can speak, don’t they have the heart of beasts? Only animals are so undisciplined that fathers and sons live together. Therefore, the sages created rituals to teach people. Teach people to be polite and know how to distinguish themselves from animals.
There was a man named Zhou Feng in Lu. Duke Ai held a seal and asked to see him, but he said no. The Duke said, "I'll stop!" He sent someone to ask him, "The Yu clan did not show trust to the people, but the people trusted them; the Xia clan did not show respect to the people, but the people respected them. How did they get this from the people?" He replied, "In the ruins and tombs, they did not show grief to the people, but the people mourned; in the altars and ancestral temples, they did not show respect to the people, but the people respected them. The Yin people made an oath, but the people began to rebel; the Zhou people made a meeting, but the people began to doubt. If there is no courtesy, righteousness, loyalty, sincerity and honesty to govern them, even if they are firmly united, will the people not break away?"
This month, the emperor drives away the beasts and does not harm the crops, and does not engage in large-scale hunting. When the farmers harvest the wheat, the emperor tastes the wheat with pigs and first offers it to the temple. This month, he gathers and raises hundreds of medicinal herbs. No grass dies, and the wheat harvest arrives. He makes light punishments, decides minor crimes, and releases people from light prisons. When the silkworm work is finished, the empress and concubines offer cocoons. He collects the cocoon tax, and makes it equal for the rich and the poor, the old and the young, to provide clothing for the suburbs and temples. This month, the emperor drinks zhu and uses rituals and music.
Zeng Zi asked: "How can the sacrifice not be performed?" Confucius said: "I heard that in a minor auspicious event, the host performs the sacrifice without offering sacrifices, and offers sacrifices to the guests, but the guests do not raise them. This is the etiquette. In the past, Duke Zhao of Lu performed sacrifices and offered sacrifices to the guests, which was not etiquette; Duke Xiao of Lu performed a major auspicious event, but did not offer sacrifices, which was also not etiquette. "
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