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Zigong asked Confucius, "May I ask why gentlemen value jade and despise enamel? Is it because jade is scarce and enamel is plentiful?" Confucius said, "It is not because enamel is plentiful that they despise it, but because jade is scarce that they value it. In the past, gentlemen compared virtues to jade: warm and moist, it is benevolence; meticulous and fine, it is knowledge; incorruptible but not sharp, it is righteousness; hanging like a string, it is courtesy; knocking, the sound is clear and long, and it bends at the end, it is music; flaws do not cover the beauty, and beauty does not cover the flaws, it is loyalty; trustworthiness is everywhere, it is trustworthiness; aura is like a white rainbow, it is heaven; spirit is seen in mountains and rivers, it is earth; jade is outstanding, it is virtue. What is valued by all in the world is the Tao. The Book of Songs says, 'When I think of a gentleman, he is as warm as jade.' Therefore, gentlemen value it."
The way of a gentleman is like starting from near when he wants to go far, and starting from low when he wants to climb high. The Book of Songs says: "Wife and wife are in harmony, like playing the harp and the lyre. Brothers are in harmony, and they are happy and indulgent. Be good to your family, and enjoy your wife and money." Confucius said: "Parents are obedient!"
The emperor mourns for seven days and buries in the seventh month. The princes mourn for five days and bury in the fifth month. The officials, scholars and common people mourn for three days and bury in the third month. The three-year mourning period starts from the emperor and ends at the common people. Burial is not stopped because of rain, and no burial is done without a burial or tree. There is no double mourning, from the emperor to the common people. Mourning follows the dead, and sacrifice follows the living. Branch descendants do not offer sacrifices. The emperor has seven temples, three Zhao and three Mu, and the temple of Taizu makes seven. The princes have five temples, two Zhao and two Mu, together with the temple of Taizu, five. The officials have three temples, one Zhao and one Mu, together with the temple of Taizu, three. The scholars have one temple. The common people offer sacrifices in the bedroom.
Aigong ordered to sit down. Confucius said: "Confucian scholars have the best treasures on the table to wait for the invitation, study hard day and night to wait for the question, be loyal and faithful to wait for the promotion, and work hard to wait for the selection. They are like this in their self-reliance.
In mourning of parents, after the funeral, one should cry for the deceased, eat simple food and drink water, and not eat vegetables and fruits; in the time of the minor auspiciousness, one should eat vegetables and fruits; in the time of the major auspiciousness, one should eat soy sauce; in the middle of the month, one should mourn, and drink sweet wine during the mourning. Those who start drinking should drink sweet wine first. Those who start eating meat should eat dried meat first. In the case of parents' funeral, people live in a lean-to house, sleep on straw and a block of pillow, and do not wear mourning clothes; in the case of mourning of the first mourning period, people live in a whitened room, and do not wear sackcloth or bees; in the case of mourning of the second mourning period, people sleep on mats, and in the case of mourning of the third mourning period, people wear hemp and a bed. This is the way that grief is expressed in the place where one lives.
The king is the emperor for three years, and his wife is like the king of the outer clan. The crown prince does not wear the clothes for the emperor. The king's wife, the wife, and the eldest son's wife. The son of the senior official who is the king, the wife, and the eldest son should wear the clothes of the scholar.
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