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Zhuge Hong had a good reputation when he was young in the Western Dynasty. He was highly regarded by Wang Yifu and was also compared to Wang by people at the time. Later, he was slandered by his stepmother's clan and accused of being a traitor. When he was about to move far away, his friend Wang Yi-fu and his companions came to the prison cart to say goodbye to him. Hong asked, "Why did the court banish me?" The king said, "They said you were a madman and a rebel." Hong said, "If you are a rebel, you should be killed. Why should a madman be banished?"
The noble and the humble are clear, the noble and the noble are distinguished, the harmony is not excessive, the younger and the older are not left out, and the banquet is peaceful and not chaotic. These five elements are enough to correct oneself and make the country peaceful. If the country is peaceful, the world will be peaceful. Therefore, it is said: "I observe the township and know that the kingly way is easy."
When Shan Gong met Ji and Ruan, they became close friends. Shan's wife, Han, noticed that the relationship between the Duke and the other two was different from usual, so she asked the Duke about it. The Duke said, 鈥淭he only two men I could be friends with in those days were these two!鈥 His wife said, 鈥淔u Ji鈥檚 wife also watched Hu and Zhao in person and wanted to spy on them. Is that okay?鈥 The next day, the two men came, and his wife advised the Duke to stay with them for the night and prepared some wine and meat. I climbed through the wall at night to look at it, and forgot to return until dawn. The Duke came in and asked, "What do you think of these two?" His wife said, "Your talent is far inferior to mine. We should just be friends because of our understanding." The Duke said, "They also always think I am better than them in understanding."
The sage kings set up sacrifices: those who apply the law to the people are sacrificed; those who die in the service of the country are sacrificed; those who work hard to stabilize the country are sacrificed; those who can resist great disasters are sacrificed; those who can defend against great disasters are sacrificed. Therefore, when Lishan ruled the world, his son was called Nong, who was able to grow hundreds of grains; when Xia declined, Zhou Qi succeeded him, so he was sacrificed as Ji. When Gonggong ruled the nine states, his son was called Hou Tu, who was able to pacify the nine states, so he was sacrificed as She. Emperor Ku was able to arrange the stars to show the people; Yao was able to reward and equalize the law and end his life with justice; Shun worked hard at many things but died in the wild. Gun was killed by floods, and Yu was able to restore Gun's achievements. Huangdi rectified the names of all things to make it clear that the people share the wealth, and Zhuanxu was able to restore it. Qi was the Minister of Education and the people were prosperous; Ming worked hard in his office and died in a flood. Tang ruled the people with leniency and eliminated their cruelty; King Wen ruled with civility, and King Wu ruled with military merits to eliminate the people's disasters. These are all those who have made great contributions to the people. The sun, moon, and stars are what the people look up to; the mountains, forests, rivers, valleys, and hills are what the people use as materials. They are not of this clan and are not included in the sacrificial rites.
After the emperor survived for two generations, he still respected the virtuous, but respected the virtuous for no more than two generations. The princes did not serve the public. Therefore, in ancient times, the public did not succeed the public. The king's south is the meaning of answering the sun. The minister's north is to answer the king. The minister of the officials does not bow his head, which is not to respect the family ministers, but to avoid the king. The officials do not bow their heads when they have offerings, and the king does not bow when he gives gifts, which is the king's answer to himself. When the villagers were offering sacrifices, Confucius stood in the east in court clothes to keep the spirit of the room. Confucius said: "Shooting is for music, how can you listen, how can you shoot? 鈥滳onfucius said: "When a scholar is ordered to shoot, if he cannot, he should excuse himself on the grounds of illness. This is the meaning of hanging the bow." Confucius said: "Three days to prepare, one day to use, still fear that it is disrespectful; two days to beat the drum, what is the point?" Confucius said: "The bow is drawn inside the storehouse gate, it is placed in the east, and it is placed in the west for market. It has been lost. 鈥
The Duke said, 鈥淢ay I ask what is meant by respecting oneself?鈥 Confucius replied, 鈥淲hen a gentleman speaks too much, the people will make excuses; when he acts too much, the people will make examples. If a gentleman does not speak too much and does not act too much, the people will respect him without being ordered. In this way, he can respect himself; if he can respect himself, he can complete his parents. 鈥漈he Duke said, 鈥淢ay I ask what is meant by completing his parents?鈥 Confucius replied, 鈥淎 gentleman is a name for people. The people call him a son of a gentleman. This is to make their parents become gentlemen, and this is to complete their parents鈥 name!鈥 Confucius then said, 鈥淚n ancient times, the most important thing in governing was to love people. If you cannot love people, you cannot have your body; if you cannot have your body, you cannot be at peace with your land; if you cannot be at peace with your land, you cannot be happy with heaven; if you cannot be happy with heaven, you cannot complete your body.鈥
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