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The Myth of the Invincible Student

Ziyou asked, “Is it a courtesy to mourn a loving mother as if she were your own mother?” Confucius said, “It is not a courtesy. In ancient times, men had tutors outside and loving mothers inside, and they were appointed by the king to teach their children. Why should they wear mourning clothes? In the past, Duke Zhao of Lu lost his mother when he was young. He had a loving mother who was good. When her mother died, the duke could not bear to mourn her. He wanted to mourn her. The officials reported it to the king, who said, “According to the ancient etiquette, loving mothers should not be mourned. Now you are mourning for her. This is against the ancient etiquette and disrupts the laws of the country. If you carry it out, the officials will write it down and leave it to future generations. Isn’t it wrong!” The duke said, “In ancient times, the emperor wore a silk hat when he was at home. 'The Duke could not bear it, so he wore a white hat to mourn his beloved mother. The practice of mourning a beloved mother began with Duke Zhao of Lu. Zengzi asked, "When the princes meet the emperor, they cannot complete the ceremony when entering the door. How many of them are abolished?" Confucius said, "Four." Please ask. He said, "The great temple is on fire, the sun is eclipsed, the queen's funeral, and the rain soaks the clothes and makes them lose their appearance, then it is abolished. If all the princes are present and the sun is eclipsed, they will follow the emperor to put out the sun, and each will give his own weapons in his own color. If the great temple is on fire, they will follow the emperor to put out the fire, and will not give his own weapons in his own color." Zengzi asked, "When the princes meet, they bow and yield to each other when entering the door, and cannot complete the ceremony. How many of them are abolished?" Confucius said, "Six." Please ask. He said, "When the emperor dies, the great temple is on fire, the sun is eclipsed, the queen's funeral, and the rain soaks the clothes and makes them lose their appearance, then it is abolished." Zengzi asked, "When the emperor has offered sacrifices to the five sacrifices in the suburbs and the altars, the food and utensils have been laid out, and when the emperor dies, what should be done with the queen's funeral?" Confucius said, "Abolished. Zengzi asked, "When the sacrifice is to be made and the sun is eclipsed, and the Taimiao is on fire, what should be done with the sacrifice?" Confucius said, "Just follow the sacrifice. If the animal arrives but has not been killed, it is cancelled. When the emperor dies but has not been buried, the five sacrifices cannot be performed; after the funeral, the sacrifice is performed, the corpse is brought in, the three meals are not served, and the wine is not vinegared. From the opening to the return of the mourning, the five sacrifices cannot be performed; after the burial, the sacrifice is performed, the prayers are finished and the offerings are made." Zengzi asked, "When the princes offer sacrifices to the gods and grain, the sacrificial vessels and dishes are already laid out. What should they do when they hear of the death of the emperor, the mourning of the queen, the death of the king, or the mourning of the lady?" Confucius said, "Abolish it. From the death to the funeral, from the opening to the return of the mourning, they serve the emperor." Zengzi asked, "When the ministers offer sacrifices, the tripods and sacrificial vessels are laid out, and the dishes are set out, but the rituals cannot be completed. How many of them are cancelled?" Confucius said, "Nine. "Please ask. He said: "The death of the emperor, the mourning of the queen, the death of the monarch, the mourning of the lady, the fire of the monarch's grand temple, the solar eclipse, the three-year mourning, the mourning of Qisui and the great merit are all abolished. The mourning of the outside world from Qisui onwards is carried out. The sacrifice of Qisui is that the corpse is brought in, three meals are not served, and the wine is not made with vinegar. The great merit is just a vinegar. The small merit and mourning are just things in the room. The reason why scholars are different is that they do not offer sacrifices in mourning, and they offer sacrifices to the dead without wearing mourning clothes. "

The Evil Son-in-law

Ziyun: "Rites are used to clarify doubts and distinguish subtle things, which are used to censor the people. "Therefore, the noble and the humble have different levels, clothes are different, and there are positions in the court, so the people will give way to each other. Confucius said: "There is no two suns in the sky, no two kings on earth, no two masters in the family, and no two superiors. This shows the people that there is a difference between the monarch and the minister." The Spring and Autumn Annals does not refer to the funeral of the king of Chu and Yue, the ritual king does not refer to the sky, and the officials do not refer to the monarch, fearing that the people will be confused. The Book of Songs says: "Why don't we meet each other in the morning? I am still worried about it." Confucius said: "The king does not ride in the same car with people of the same surname, and ride in the same car with people of different surnames but wear different clothes, showing that the people do not dislike it." In this way, the people can still kill their monarch with the same surname.

Four Thoughts on the Journey of Remembrance

In this month, he ordered the chief priests to inspect the sacrificial offerings and check whether they were complete, examine the fodder and livestock, and see if they were fat or thin. They must compare the items, measure the size, and check the length, and make sure they were all in the right size. If the five items were prepared appropriately, the God would be pleased. The emperor would then have a difficult time to reach the autumn weather. He would have dogs taste hemp and offer it to the sleeping temple first.

Forget the Abyss

I adopted a world

The steward draws water, but does not twist it. He does not go up to the hall until the steps are up. He gives it to the driver. The driver takes a bath: four junior officials carry the quilt, and two drivers bathe. The water for bathing is a basin, the water for pouring is a ladle, the bathing is a gauze towel, and the stroking is a bathing robe, just like other days; the junior officials scratch the feet, and the remaining water is thrown into the pit. When the mother dies, the inner driver carries the quilt and bathes. The steward draws water and gives it to the driver. The driver bathes in the hall - the king bathes in liang, the senior official bathes in millet, and the scholar bathes in liang. The Dian people built a sieve under the west wall, the pottery people brought out the heavy cauldrons, the Guan people received the bath, and then cooked it. The Dian people took the firewood from the northwest of the temple and used it to cook. The Guan people gave the driver a bath, and then he bathed; he used a clay plate for bathing, and a towel for rubbing. As on other days, the small officials cut their hands and beards, wet and washed, and threw them on the ditch. The king set up a big plate to make ice, the senior officials set up a flat plate to make ice, and the scholars used clay plates without ice. They set up a bed and a pillow. One bed was covered, one bed was covered, and another bed was moved to the hall. There were pillows and mats for the king, senior officials, and scholars.

Rebirth of the Memory King

Guo Zixuan was a talented person who could talk about Laozi and Zhuangzi. Yu Bi often praised him, saying: "Why should Guo Zixuan be inferior to Yu Zisong?"