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When Zuche rode across the river, he was frugal, both in public and private, and had no fine clothes or toys. When the king and Yu officials went to see their ancestor, they suddenly saw overlapping fur robes and numerous precious ornaments. They were surprised and asked about it. The Master said, "There was another robbery at Nantang last night." The Master always ordered his strong men to rob money at that time, and he would tolerate the people involved without asking any questions.
The Master said: "The great man does not get close to those who are virtuous, but trusts those who are humble; the people are lost because of this, and the teaching is troubled because of this. The Book of Songs says: "If they seek me, it is as if they cannot get me; if they hold my enemies, they will not be able to help me. 鈥橨un Chen said: 鈥業f you have not seen a sage, you are not able to see him; if you have seen a sage, you cannot follow him. 鈥欌
Zixia said: "The parents of the people have been heard, and I dare to ask what the 'five ultimates' are?" Confucius said: "Where the will reaches, poetry also reaches. Where poetry reaches, ritual also reaches. Where ritual reaches, music also reaches. Where music reaches, sorrow also reaches. Sorrow and joy are born from each other. Therefore, if you look at it with your eyes straight, you can't see it; if you listen to it with your ears attentively, you can't hear it; the will fills the heaven and the earth, this is called the five ultimates. 鈥
銆銆Wang Wuzi and Sun Zijing each spoke of the beauty of their land and people. Wang said: "The land is flat and level, the water is fresh and clear, and the people are honest and steadfast." Sun said: "The mountains are steep and rugged, the water is turbulent, and the people are brave and heroic."
In the first month of spring, if the summer order is carried out, the rain will not be timely, the grass and trees will fall early, and the country will be in danger. If the autumn order is carried out, the people will suffer from a great epidemic, wild winds and rainstorms will come, and weeds and weeds will grow together. If the winter order is carried out, there will be floods, heavy snow and frost, and the first planting will not be possible.
Morality, benevolence and righteousness cannot be achieved without propriety, and teaching and correcting customs cannot be achieved without propriety. When resolving disputes, do not make the decision without proper etiquette. The relationship between the ruler and his subjects, father and son, and brothers cannot be determined without propriety. When an official studies or serves a teacher, he should not be close to him without proper etiquette. When Ban Chao governs the army and takes office to enforce the law, he must act with propriety and dignity. Praying to temples and offering sacrifices to ghosts and gods are not polite, sincere or solemn. Therefore, a gentleman is respectful, frugal, and yielding in order to show courtesy. Parrots can speak, but they are still birds; orangutans can speak, but they are still animals. People nowadays are rude, even if they can speak, don鈥檛 they have the heart of beasts? Only animals are so undisciplined that fathers and sons live together. Therefore, the sages created rituals to teach people. Teach people to be polite and know how to distinguish themselves from animals.
When a person dies, he should not be idle for three days, and he should not be relieved for three months. He should be sad for three years, and he should be worried for three years - this is the killing of grace. The sage uses killing to control moderation, and this is why mourning lasts for three years. The wise should not go beyond the limit, and the unworthy should not fail to reach the limit. This is the mean of mourning, and it is what the king always does. The Book of Documents says: "Emperor Gaozong was lenient and did not speak for three years." This is good; all kings should follow this ritual. Why is it good for him alone? It is said: Emperor Gaozong was Wu Ding; Wu Ding was a wise king of the Yin Dynasty. He succeeded the throne and was kind and good at mourning. At this time, the Yin Dynasty declined and revived, and rituals were abolished and revived, so he did it well. Because it was good, it was recorded in the book and praised, so he was called Emperor Gaozong. During the three-year mourning, the king did not speak. The Book of Documents says: "Emperor Gaozong was lenient and did not speak for three years." This is what it means. However, those who say "speaking without culture" refer to the ministers.
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