Tumen Nana 173涓囧瓧 185839浜鸿杩 杩炶浇
銆娧侵奕蘸蘼刖适悠点
After Xie Wan Shouchun was defeated, Jianwen asked Xi Chao: "Wan was defeated, why did you lose the feelings of your soldiers?" Chao said: "He wanted to distinguish between the wise and the brave because of his nature of leading by example."
Wang Rong looked at Ruan Wenye: "Qing Lun has
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鏈鏂扮珷鑺傦細椋庣娈挎潵琚锛2025-03-14锛
鏇存柊鏃堕棿锛2025-03-14
The lowly should not mourn the noble, the young should not mourn the old, this is the etiquette. Only the emperor should be mourned by calling the heaven. The princes mourning each other is not etiquette.
Confucius was sitting with Duke Ai, who said, 鈥淢ay I ask who is the most important in human nature?鈥 Confucius looked sad and replied, 鈥淵our Majesty, when you said this, it is the virtue of the people! How dare I answer without words? In human nature, politics is the most important.鈥 The Duke said, 鈥淢ay I ask what is politics?鈥 Confucius replied, 鈥淧olitics is justice. If the monarch is just, the people will follow politics. What the monarch does, the people will follow. What the monarch does not do, how can the people follow?鈥 The Duke said, 鈥淢ay I ask how to govern?鈥 Confucius replied, 鈥淗usband and wife are different, father and son are close, and monarch and minister are strict. Three If the ruler is upright, all things will follow him. "The Duke said, "Although I am not like you, I would like to hear the reason why I practice the Three Words. Can I hear it?" Confucius replied, "In ancient times, loving people was the most important thing in governing; the most important thing in governing people was courtesy; the most important thing in governing courtesy was respect; when respect is the highest, the great wedding is the greatest. The great wedding is here! When the great wedding is here, wearing a crown and welcoming the emperor in person is to be close to him. To be close to the emperor is to be close to the emperor. Therefore, a gentleman should promote respect as a way to be close to the emperor; abandoning respect is to abandon one's relatives. Without love, there is no closeness; without respect, there is no justice. Love and respect are the foundation of politics!" The Duke said, "I would like to have something to say. But wearing a crown and welcoming the emperor in person, isn't that too important?" Confucius looked sad and replied, "To unite the two families, to succeed the ancestors, to be the masters of the heaven, earth, ancestral temples, and the land, why do you say that it is too important?" The Duke said, "I am stubborn! If I am not stubborn, how can I hear such words? I want to ask, but I can't say it. Please come in a little bit!" Confucius said: "If heaven and earth are not united, all things cannot grow. The great marriage is the heir of ten thousand generations. Why do you think you are already so important?" Confucius then said: "If you govern the ancestral temple at home, you will be able to match the gods of heaven and earth; if you govern the country with the etiquette of speaking frankly, you will be able to establish respect between superiors and subordinates. Shame for things will be able to revive it, and shame for the country will be able to revive it. Governing starts with etiquette. Etiquette is the root of governance!" Confucius then said: "The governance of the wise kings of the Three Dynasties must respect their wives and children. There is a way. The wife is the master of the parents. How dare you not respect her? The son is the successor of the parents. How dare you not respect her? A gentleman respects everything, and respecting oneself is the most important. The body is the branch of the parents. How dare you not respect it? Failure to respect oneself hurts one's parents; hurting one's parents hurts the root; hurting the root, the branches will die. These three are the images of the people. One's body is as good as one's body, one's son is as good as one's son, and one's concubine is as good as one's concubine. If a king practices these three, then the world will be united. This is the way of the great king. In this way, the country will be in harmony. 鈥
Therefore, a gentleman should be cautious about virtue first. If you have virtue, you will have people; if you have people, you will have land; if you have land, you will have wealth; if you have wealth, you will have usefulness. Virtue is the root, and wealth is the end. The root is outside and the end is inside, and the people are robbed. Therefore, when wealth is gathered, the people will be scattered; when wealth is scattered, the people will be gathered. Therefore, words that are perversely spoken will also be perversely received; goods that are perversely received will also be perversely sent out. "Kang Gao" says: "Only the mandate is not constant." If the way is good, you will gain it; if it is not good, you will lose it. "Chu Shu" says: "Chu has no treasure, only goodness is its treasure." Uncle Fan said: "The dead have no treasure, only benevolence and relatives are their treasure."
The king later ordered the prime minister to bestow virtue on all the people. When a son serves his parents, he should wash his hands and rinse his mouth, comb his hair, put on his hairpin, brush his hair, put on his hairpin, and hold his hu. He should wear turbans on his left and right. On the left, he should wear a scarf, a knife, a whetstone, a small hairpin, and a gold flint. On the right, he should wear a ring, a guard, a pipe, a dagger, a large hairpin, and a wooden flint. He should wear a belt and a pair of shoes. A woman should serve her uncle and aunt as if she were serving her parents. When the cock crows, she should wash her hands and rinse her mouth, comb her hair, put on her hairpin, and wear a hairpin. On the left, one should wear a scarf, a knife, a whetstone, a small hairpin, and a gold flint. On the right, one should wear a veil, a tube, a thread, and a cotton yarn. One should also wear a veil, a large hairpin, a wooden hairpin, a collar tassel, and a pair of sandals. When going to visit parents, uncles, and aunts, one should be gentle and speak softly. Ask if the clothes are hot or cold, if there are any illnesses, pains, or itches, and then respectfully suppress and scratch them. When going in or out, one should go first or last, and respectfully support them. When washing, the younger one should hold the plate, and the older one should hold the water. Ask them to wash their hands. When washing is finished, give them a towel. Ask what they want and respectfully offer it. Use a gentle color to warm it. Eat wine, liquor, soup, beans, wheat, rice, millet, and sorghum as much as they want. Use dates, chestnuts, malt, and honey to sweeten it. Use violets, holly, hawthorn, elm, and dried mulberry to make it smooth. Use fats and ointments to make it smooth. Parents, uncles, and aunts must taste it before leaving. Men and women who have not yet reached the age of 15, when the cock first crows, all wash and rinse, comb their hair, brush their hair, put on their hairpins, wear collars and tassels, and all wear perfume. At dawn, they go to the court and ask what they have eaten and drunk. If they have eaten, they leave; if they have not eaten, they help the elders to check the food. In the house and outside, when the cock first crows, all wash and rinse, dress, gather pillows and mats, sweep the room and the courtyard, and spread the mats, each doing their own work. Children go to bed early and get up late, do whatever they want, and eat at any time. From the rank of a military officer and above, fathers and sons are separated from their own palaces. At dawn, they go to the court and show their kindness. At sunrise, they leave, and each does their own work. At sunset, they go to the court and show their kindness. When parents, uncles and aunts are about to sit, they offer the mats and ask where they are; when they are about to put on the lapel, the elders offer the mats and ask where they are. The younger ones hold the bed and sit with them. The driver holds the table, gathers the mats and mats, hangs the quilt and pillow, gathers the mats and covers them. The clothes, quilts, mats, pillows and tables of parents, uncles and aunts are not to be passed down. Only respectful canes and shoes are used. Do not dare to approach. Do not dare to use the cups and bowls unless they are made of glutinous rice. Do not dare to eat or drink with food that is not made of glutinous rice. When parents are alive, eat food every morning and evening. Sons and daughters-in-law help with food. After eating, eat food that is always made of glutinous rice. When the father is dead and the mother is alive, the children eat food. All sons and daughters-in-law help with food. The food is sweet, smooth and tender. The children eat it. When parents, uncles and aunts are in their place, you should only respond respectfully when they give you an order. When you move forward and backward, you should be careful and orderly. When you go up and down, go in and out, bow and walk. Do not burp, sneeze, cough, yawn, stretch, limp, lean, look, or spit. Do not be attacked by cold, and do not scratch when it itches. Do not expose your clothes without respect. Do not step on the ground or lift your head. Do not show the inside of your underwear. If parents spit and spit, do not see it. If the crown and belt are dirty, rinse them with ashes. If clothes are dirty, wash them with ashes. If clothes are torn, mend them. After five days, you should bathe in hot water. After three days, you should bathe. If your face is dirty, you should bathe in hot water. If your feet are dirty, you should bathe in hot water. The young should serve the elder, the humble should serve the noble, and they should share the same command. Men do not talk about the inside, and women do not talk about the outside. They do not pass on utensils to each other except for sacrifices and funerals. If they do, the woman should receive the basket. If there is no basket, they should sit down and lay it before taking it. The inside and outside do not share the same well, bath, sleep, or ask for leave. Men and women do not share clothes. People inside do not speak out, and people outside do not speak in. Men do not whistle or point when they enter the house. They should walk with a candle at night, and stop if there is no candle. Women should cover their faces when they go out. They should walk with a candle at night, and stop if there is no candle. Road: Men go from the right, and women go from the left. A son or daughter-in-law who is filial and respectful should not disobey or neglect the orders of his parents, uncles and aunts. If he is given food, even if he is not old, he must taste it and serve; if he is given clothes, even if he does not want to, he must wear them and serve; if he is given work, even if he does not want to, he should give it to him and let him do it, and then he should do it again. If a son or daughter-in-law is hardworking, even if he loves her very much, he should indulge her for the time being, and it is better to let her rest frequently. If a son or daughter-in-law is not filial or respectful, he should not be angry or complain, but teach her for the time being; if she is not teachable, then he should be angry with her; if he cannot be angry, he should let her go without showing courtesy. If parents make mistakes, he should be humble and pleasant, and remonstrate with a gentle voice. If the remonstrance is not accepted, he should show respect and filial piety, and if he is persuaded, he should remonstrate again; if he is not persuaded, he would rather remonstrate with others than offend the people in the village and state. If parents are angry and do not persuade, but beat them until they bleed, he should not be angry or complain, but show respect and filial piety. If parents have maids or concubines' sons or concubines' grandsons, he should love them very much, and respect them even after the parents die. If a man has two concubines, his parents love one and he loves the other. In terms of clothing, food, and service, he should not dare to look at the one his parents love, and this will not fade even after his parents die. If a man is very fond of his wife, his parents will not say so and he will leave; if a man is not fond of his wife, his parents will say, "She is doing good things for me." He will perform the husband-wife etiquette, and this will not fade even after his parents die.
Morality, benevolence and righteousness cannot be achieved without propriety, and teaching and correcting customs cannot be achieved without propriety. When resolving disputes, do not make the decision without proper etiquette. The relationship between the ruler and his subjects, father and son, and brothers cannot be determined without propriety. When an official studies or serves a teacher, he should not be close to him without proper etiquette. When Ban Chao governs the army and takes office to enforce the law, he must act with propriety and dignity. Praying to temples and offering sacrifices to ghosts and gods are not polite, sincere or solemn. Therefore, a gentleman is respectful, frugal, and yielding in order to show courtesy. Parrots can speak, but they are still birds; orangutans can speak, but they are still animals. People nowadays are rude, even if they can speak, don鈥檛 they have the heart of beasts? Only animals are so undisciplined that fathers and sons live together. Therefore, the sages created rituals to teach people. Teach people to be polite and know how to distinguish themselves from animals.
The mourner sits to the west of the gate, facing east; the intermediary is to the southeast, facing north and west, west of the gate. The host faces west. The minister receives the order and says, "I have sent someone to ask for something." The guest says, "My king has sent someone, how can it be wrong!" The minister goes in and reports, and comes out saying, "I have to go. "The mourners come in, and the host goes up to the hall, facing west. The mourners go up from the west steps, facing east, and say to the king: "My king heard of your death. My king appointed someone. How could it be wrong!" Zi bowed and kowtowed, and the mourners went down and returned to their seats. The bearer held the jade and was about to give orders, saying: "My king appointed someone to hold it." The assistant came in to report, and came out and said: "I am going to die." The bearer came in, went up to the hall, and gave orders. He bowed again and kowtowed. The bearer sat on the southeast side of the coffin, with a reed mat; after the burial, there was a cattail mat. He went down, went out, and returned to his seat. The prime minister put on court clothes, that is, mourning shoes, and went up from the west steps, facing west, and sat to take the jade, and went down from the east of the west steps. The cloaker said: "My king appointed someone to hold it." The assistant came in to report, and came out and said: "I am going to die." The cloaker held the crown and robes; the left held the collar, and the right held the key. He went in, went up to the hall, and said to the king: "My king appointed someone to hold it." "The son bows and kowtows. He leaves his clothes on the east side of the coffin. The attendant of the coffin steps down and receives the robes and caps of nobility at the gate. When he is about to give orders, the son bows and kowtows as before. He receives the leather caps and caps in the middle courtyard. He receives the court robes at the west steps and the black robes at the hall. When he is about to give orders, the son bows and kowtows as before. The attendant of the coffin steps down, goes out and returns to his seat. Five ministers carry him to the east. He descends from the west steps. They also carry him facing west. He presents the gift: holding the jade tablet and giving orders, he says, "My king has ordered me to present the gift." The prime minister goes in to report and returns with the order, saying, "I am gone." "The carriage of a yellow horse was arranged along the main road in the middle courtyard, with the chariot pointing north. Holding the jade tablet, the emperor was about to give orders. The guests and messengers came down from the west along the road. The son bowed and kowtowed, and sat down at the southeast corner of the coffin. The chief minister stood to the east. Whenever an order was to be given, the son bowed and kowtowed. He sat facing west and gave it to the emperor. The chief minister held up the jade tablet and the jade tablet, and the chief minister held up the robe, and they went up from the west steps, facing west, sat down to take them, and went down from the west steps. The bearer of the coffin went out and sat back outside the door. The guest of honor came in and said, "My king has matters to attend to at the ancestral temple, so he cannot serve. He has sent an old man to hold the sash." The bearer returned and said, "I will be gone." The person who came in entered the door on the right, and the bearers followed him and stood to the east of him on the left. The clan members received the guests, went up, and received the order from the king; when they came down, they said, "I dare not accept the humiliation of my son, and ask for your restoration." The guest replied, "My king has ordered me not to look at the guests, so I refuse. "The clan member replied, "I dare to firmly refuse the humiliation of my son and ask for your restoration." The guest replied, "My king ordered me not to look at the guests, so I dare to firmly refuse." The clan member replied, "I dare to firmly refuse the humiliation of my son and ask for your restoration." The guest replied, "My king ordered me not to look at the guests, so I dare to firmly refuse. I refused but was not ordered, so I dare not disrespectfully obey. "The guest stood on the west side of the gate, and the assistant stood on his left, going up to the east. The sovereign descended from the steps of the east, bowed, and cried, and danced three times with the guest. The guest left and sent him outside the gate, bowing and bowing his head.
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