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There is a proverb: "The leader in the future will be Pei Xiu."
When Wang Fusi was still young, he went to see Pei Hui. Pei Hui asked him, "Nothingness is the source of all things, but sages are unwilling to talk about it. But Laozi keeps talking about it. Why is that?" Bi said, "Sages embody nothingness, and nothingness cannot be taught. So when they talk about something, they must also talk about something. Laozi and Zhuangzi were not immune to something, and they always taught about what was lacking."
If the ministers go out of the country privately, they must ask for permission. When they return, they must offer. If the scholars go out of the country privately, they must ask for permission; when they return, they must tell. If the king works hard for them, they will bow; if they ask about their travels, they will bow before answering. When a king leaves his country, he is stopped by saying, "How can you leave the altar of the country?" The ministers say, "How can you leave the ancestral temple?" The scholars say, "How can you leave the grave?" The king dies for the altar of the country, the ministers die for the people, and the scholars die for the system.
Ten years old is the beginning of decline. Sixty years old cannot be full without meat, seventy years old cannot be warm without silk, eighty years old cannot be warm without people, and ninety years old cannot be warm even if they have people. Fifty years old can be supported by a stick at home, sixty years old can be supported by a stick in the village, seventy years old can be supported by a stick in the country, and eighty years old can be supported by a stick in the court. If the emperor wants to ask about a person at the age of ninety, he should go to his room and accompany him. Seventy years old does not need to wait for the court, eighty years old can report his life every month, and ninety years old has a regular schedule. Fifty years old does not participate in government affairs, sixty years old does not participate in military service, seventy years old does not participate in guests, and eighty years old does not participate in funeral affairs. Fifty years old can be given a title, sixty years old does not participate in school, seventy years old can retire from government affairs; all those above seventy years old can only wear mourning clothes and linen. All three kings provide for the elderly according to their age. A son of an eighty-year-old does not participate in government affairs, and a family of a ninety-year-old does not participate in government affairs; the same applies to the blind. When parents are alive, a son does not sit even if he is old. The Youyu clan provided for the state elders in Shangxiang and provided for the common people elders in Xiaxiang; the Xiahou clan provided for the state elders in Dongxu and provided for the common people elders in Xixu; the Yin people provided for the state elders in Youxue and provided for the common people elders in Zuoxue; the Zhou people provided for the state elders in Dongjiao and provided for the common people elders in Yuxue, which was located in the western suburbs of the state. The Youyu clan provided for the elderly in the imperial palace and wore deep clothes; the Xiahou clan provided for the elderly in the imperial palace and wore Yan clothes; the Yin people provided for the elderly in the imperial palace and wore white clothes; the Zhou people provided for the elderly in the imperial palace and wore black clothes.
Ziyun: "As for the father's hand, you can ride in his car but not wear his clothes. The gentleman uses this to expand filial piety." Confucius said: "The villain can all support their parents, but the gentleman is not respectful, how to distinguish?" Confucius said: "Father and son are not in the same position, so they are respectful." The Book of Documents says: "If you don't respect your ancestors, you will be disgraced." Confucius said: "When parents are alive, don't call them old, talk about filial piety but not kindness; inside the boudoir, play but don't sigh." The gentleman uses this to keep the people, and the people are still less filial and more kind. Confucius said: "The ruler of the people, the court respects the elderly, and then the people will be filial." Confucius said: "Sacrificial offerings have corpses, and they are the masters of the ancestral temples, which show the people that there is something to do. Repairing the ancestral temples and respecting the sacrifices are to teach the people to pursue filial piety." With this, the people still forget their parents.
It is better to not be in decline than to be inappropriate. One should not sit at the side in mourning, and one should not serve in service for great achievements.
A gentleman knows the reasons why teaching is flourishing and the reasons why teaching is abolished, and then he can be a teacher. Therefore, the gentleman's teaching is to guide but not to force, to force but not to suppress, and to open but not to reach. If you follow the way but don't force it, you will be harmonious; if you are strong but don't suppress it, you will be easy; if you open but don't reach it, you will think; harmony and ease with thinking can be called good metaphor.
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