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Kong Cheqi had always had the intention of escaping from the world since he was young. It was not until he was over 40 years old that he responded to Andong's order. Before he took up an official post, he often slept alone, sang and played music to teach himself, called himself Kong Lang, and traveled around famous mountains. The people said that he had Taoist magic and built a temple for him. There is still a Confucius Temple today.
Duke Huan said to his guests: "Ayuan is a man of virtue and words. If he were appointed as an official, he would be able to set an example for the officials. The court is misusing his talent."
During the three-year mourning period, one should not speak or answer questions. Lu means in the white room, one should not sit with others. In the white room, one should not enter unless it is the right time to see the mother. The elderly should live in the white room and not in the white room. Lu means strict. Wife should be treated as uncles and aunts, aunts and sisters as brothers, and the eldest, middle and youngest as adults. The mourning period for relatives is exempted, and the mourning period for brothers is exempted. The mother and wife of the king should be treated as brothers. Those who show their color should not eat or drink. Apart from the mourning period, when walking on the road, one should be surprised when seeing someone, and surprised when hearing someone’s name. When visiting the deceased or asking about his illness, one’s color and expression must be different from others. Only after this can one observe the three-year mourning period. The rest should be done in a straightforward manner.
The solemn and condensed air of heaven and earth begins in the southwest and flourishes in the northwest. This is the dignified air of heaven and earth, and the righteous air of heaven and earth. The warm and gentle air of heaven and earth begins in the northeast and flourishes in the southeast. This is the great virtue of heaven and earth, and the benevolent air of heaven and earth. The host respects the guest, so he sits the guest in the northwest, and sits in the southwest to assist the guest. The guest is a person who treats people with righteousness, so he sits in the northwest. The host is a person who treats people with great virtue, so he sits in the southeast. The host sits in the northeast to assist the host. When benevolence and righteousness meet, the host and the guest have affairs, and the number of sacrificial vessels is called sanctity. The sanctity is established and treated with respect, which is called courtesy. The courtesy of respecting the elders and the young is called virtue. Virtue is obtained from the body. Therefore, it is said that those who studied the Dao in ancient times would gain a body. Therefore, the sages are concerned with this.
It is said that to govern a country, you must first manage your family. There is no one who cannot teach his family but can teach others. Therefore, a gentleman does not leave home but teaches the country. Filial piety is the way to serve the king; respect for elders is the way to serve the elders; kindness is the way to lead the people. "Kang Gao" said: "It is like protecting a baby. "If you seek it with a sincere heart, even if you don't get it, you won't be far away. There has never been anyone who learned to raise a child before getting married. If one family is benevolent, the whole country will be benevolent; if one family is courteous, the whole country will be courteous; if one person is greedy and violent, the whole country will be in chaos. The mechanism is like this. This is what is meant by one word ruining things, and one person establishing a country. Yao and Shun led the world with benevolence, and the people followed them. Jie and Zhou led the world with violence, and the people followed them. What they ordered was contrary to what the people liked, and the people did not follow them. Therefore, a gentleman should have it in himself before seeking it in others, and not have it in himself before criticizing others. There has never been anyone who can persuade others with what he does not forgive. Therefore, governing a country starts with managing his family. The Book of Songs says, "The peach tree is young and tender, and its leaves are dense. The daughter is married, and she is a good wife." Only when she is a good wife can she teach the people of the country. The Book of Songs says, "Be a good brother and a good younger brother." Only when she is a good brother and a good younger brother can she teach the people of the country. The Book of Songs says, "Its etiquette is not wrong, and it is right for the four countries. ” He who is a father, son, and brother is a model, and then the people can follow it. This is what is meant by governing a country in order to regulate the family.
Zengzi asked, "When the burial leads to the grave, if the sun is eclipsed, will there be changes? Or not?" Confucius said, "In the past, I followed Lao Dan to help with the burial in Xiangdang. When we reached the grave, the sun was eclipsed. Lao Dan said, 'Qiu! Stop the coffin, stand on the right side of the road, stop crying and wait for changes.' After daybreak, he turned back and went on. He said, 'It is the etiquette.' When the burial was reversed, Qiu asked, 'The coffin cannot be reversed. If the sun is eclipsed, how can we go if we don't know how late it will be?' Lao Dan said, 'The princes go to the emperor's court, and leave the sacrifice at the sun; the officials go to the emperor's court, and leave the sacrifice at the sun. The coffin does not leave early and does not stay late. Only criminals and those who go to the funeral of their parents go on the journey when they see the stars! The sun is eclipsed, how do you know that the stars are not visible? Moreover, a gentleman practices etiquette and does not take people's relatives as his concern. 'I heard Lao Dan say this.
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