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Zixia said: "The five ultimates have been heard, and I dare to ask what the three nothings are?" Confucius said: "Music without sound, ritual without body, mourning without clothes, this is called the three nothings. "Zixia said: "I have heard the three "nothings" briefly. May I ask which poem is closest to them?" Confucius said: "'The life of the morning and the evening is to be forgiven and secret' is the music without sound. 'The dignity and manners are so great that they cannot be chosen' is the etiquette without form. 'When the people are in mourning, they crawl to save them' is the mourning without clothes."
Zilu said, "I heard from the Master that in funeral rituals, it is better to have more mourning than not mourning. In sacrificial rituals, it is better to have more respect than not respect."
A gentleman knows the reasons why teaching is flourishing and the reasons why teaching is abolished, and then he can be a teacher. Therefore, the gentleman's teaching is to guide but not to force, to force but not to suppress, and to open but not to reach. If you follow the way but don't force it, you will be harmonious; if you are strong but don't suppress it, you will be easy; if you open but don't reach it, you will think; harmony and ease with thinking can be called good metaphor.
Zhuge Hong had a good reputation when he was young in the Western Dynasty. He was highly regarded by Wang Yifu and was also compared to Wang by people at the time. Later, he was slandered by his stepmother's clan and accused of being a traitor. When he was about to move far away, his friend Wang Yi-fu and his companions came to the prison cart to say goodbye to him. Hong asked, "Why did the court banish me?" The king said, "They said you were a madman and a rebel." Hong said, "If you are a rebel, you should be killed. Why should a madman be banished?"
The Xia Hou clan preferred black; for major funerals, the dusk was used, and for military affairs, the black horse was used for riding, and the black horse was used for sacrifice. The Yin people preferred white; for major funerals, the sun was at noon, and the Han was used for military affairs, and the white horse was used for sacrifice. The Zhou people preferred red; for major funerals, the sunrise was used, and the horse was used for military affairs, and the red horse was used for sacrifice.
Then why is it three years? Answer: The closest relatives are separated by a period. Why is that? Answer: The heaven and earth have changed, the four seasons have changed, and everything in the heaven and earth has been renewed, so it is a symbol. Then why is it three years? Answer: It is to add more, so why double it, so it is a double period. Why is it from September to below? Answer: Why not make it less than that. Therefore, three years is a period of mourning, a small mourning is a period of mourning, and a period of nine months is a period of mourning. Take the image from the sky above, the law from the earth below, and the example from people in the middle, and the principle of human beings living together and in harmony is complete. Therefore, the three-year mourning is the most elegant of human nature, and this is called the most solemn. This is the same for all kings, and the same for ancient and modern times, but no one knows where it comes from. Confucius said: "After three years of life, one can escape from the embrace of parents; the three-year mourning is the most common mourning in the world."
Zeng Zi asked: "Can the funeral of a major merit be included in the offering of sacrifices?" Confucius said: "It is not a major merit! "Zengzi asked, "Is it not possible to make sacrifices with light clothes?" Confucius said, "That is not what I mean. In the funerals of the Son of Heaven and the dukes, those who are in mourning clothes offer sacrifices; the high officials, those who are in mourning clothes offer sacrifices; the scholars, their friends offer sacrifices; if it is not enough, they take from those who are of great merit or less; if it is not enough, they take from those who are of great merit or less." Zengzi asked, "Can small merits be included in the sacrifices?" Confucius said, "Why must it be small merits? Those who are in mourning clothes and below offer sacrifices; that is etiquette." Zengzi asked, "Is it not possible to make sacrifices with light clothes?" Confucius said, "In the funerals of the Son of Heaven and the dukes, those who are not in mourning clothes do not offer sacrifices; the high officials, those who are in mourning clothes offer sacrifices; the scholars, if the sacrifice is not enough, they take from those who are of great merit or less." Zengzi asked, "Can acquaintances, if they are in mourning clothes, participate in the sacrifices?" Confucius said, "If you don't offer sacrifices, how can you help others?" Zengzi asked, "Can you take away your mourning clothes and participate in the sacrifices?" 鈥滳onfucius said: "Saying mourning and offering sacrifices are not rites; it is OK to reject each other."
Shan Gong was highly regarded in the court and even when he was over seventy years old, he still knew how to manage the current affairs. Guisheng is young, like He, Pei, Wang and others, and they all talk and chant together. There is an inscription on the pillar of the pavilion: "To the east of the pavilion, there is a big ox, He Jiaoyang, Pei Kaiqiu, and Wang Ji are so angry that they can't rest." Some say: Pan Ni built it.
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