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In ancient times, those who wanted to manifest the bright virtue in the world first governed their country. Those who wanted to govern their country first put their family in order. If you want to make your family in order, you must first cultivate yourself. If you want to cultivate yourself, you must first rectify your heart. If you want to rectify your heart, you must first be sincere in your intentions. If you want to be sincere in your intentions, you must first acquire knowledge. Acquiring knowledge lies in investigating things. After investigating things, knowledge is achieved. After knowledge is achieved, intentions are sincere. After intentions are sincere, hearts are rectified. After hearts are rectified, the body is cultivated. After the body is cultivated, the family is in order. After the family is in order, the country is governed. After the country is governed, the world is peaceful.
Therefore, a gentleman should be cautious about virtue first. If you have virtue, you will have people; if you have people, you will have land; if you have land, you will have wealth; if you have wealth, you will have usefulness. Virtue is the root, and wealth is the end. The root is outside and the end is inside, and the people are robbed. Therefore, when wealth is gathered, the people will be scattered; when wealth is scattered, the people will be gathered. Therefore, words that are perversely spoken will also be perversely received; goods that are perversely received will also be perversely sent out. "Kang Gao" says: "Only the mandate is not constant." If the way is good, you will gain it; if it is not good, you will lose it. "Chu Shu" says: "Chu has no treasure, only goodness is its treasure." Uncle Fan said: "The dead have no treasure, only benevolence and relatives are their treasure."
Zeng Zi asked: "Can the funeral of a major merit be included in the offering of sacrifices?" Confucius said: "It is not a major merit! "Zengzi asked, "Is it not possible to make sacrifices with light clothes?" Confucius said, "That is not what I mean. In the funerals of the Son of Heaven and the dukes, those who are in mourning clothes offer sacrifices; the high officials, those who are in mourning clothes offer sacrifices; the scholars, their friends offer sacrifices; if it is not enough, they take from those who are of great merit or less; if it is not enough, they take from those who are of great merit or less." Zengzi asked, "Can small merits be included in the sacrifices?" Confucius said, "Why must it be small merits? Those who are in mourning clothes and below offer sacrifices; that is etiquette." Zengzi asked, "Is it not possible to make sacrifices with light clothes?" Confucius said, "In the funerals of the Son of Heaven and the dukes, those who are not in mourning clothes do not offer sacrifices; the high officials, those who are in mourning clothes offer sacrifices; the scholars, if the sacrifice is not enough, they take from those who are of great merit or less." Zengzi asked, "Can acquaintances, if they are in mourning clothes, participate in the sacrifices?" Confucius said, "If you don't offer sacrifices, how can you help others?" Zengzi asked, "Can you take away your mourning clothes and participate in the sacrifices?" ”Confucius said: "Saying mourning and offering sacrifices are not rites; it is OK to reject each other."
Serving a gentleman, when a gentleman ascends or descends, he hands him a rein; when he starts to ride, he must show respect; when a gentleman descends, he must stand back. When riding in a second carriage, he must show respect, but not in the assistant carriage. For the second carriage, the princes have seven, the senior officials have five, and the junior officials have three. The horses and carriages of the two-carriage man are not to be trifled with. Look at the clothes, swords, and horses of the gentleman, and do not buy them.
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