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The Master said: "If the ministers are not close to the people, the people are not at peace, then loyalty and respect are insufficient, and wealth and honor are excessive; if the ministers are not governed, the close ministers will be in competition. Therefore, the ministers must be respected, which is the model of the people; the close ministers must be cautious, which is the way of the people. The king should not make small plans for big things, do not talk about the near with the far, and do not make plans for the outside with the inside, then the ministers will not complain, the close ministers will not be angry, and the distant ministers will not be blinded. The Duke of She said in his last words: "Do not ruin big things with small plans, do not anger Queen Zhuang with favorite concubines, and do not anger Zhuangshi, the officials, and the ministers with favorite concubines. '"
There is a proverb: "The leader in the future will be Pei Xiu."
People with the same surname follow the clan and are of the same clan; people with different surnames follow the name and govern the society. Names are written, but men and women are different. If the husband belongs to the father's way, his wife is the mother's way; if the husband belongs to the son's way, his wife is the wife's way. If the brother's wife is called "wife", can the sister-in-law also be called "mother"? Name is the most important thing in human governance, so can we not be careful? After four generations, the mourning period is exhausted; after five generations, the same surname is killed. After six generations, the relatives are exhausted. The common surnames are distinguished at the top, and the relatives are at the bottom. Can marriages be allowed? They are tied by surnames and are not distinguished, and they are tied by food and are not different. Even if a hundred generations, marriages cannot be allowed, this is the way of Zhou.
Therefore, "The Book of Songs" says: "The great-grandson of the marquis family, the four correct ones are all raised; the great officials and the gentlemen, all the common people, small and big, are in the king's place, and they are entertained and arched, and then they are praised." It means that the ruler and the ministers devote their efforts to archery to learn rituals and music, and then they are safe and praised. Therefore, the emperor regulates it, and the princes are responsible for it. This is why the emperor supports the princes, and the soldiers are not used, and the princes are the tools for correcting themselves.
Zhongni was at a banquet, and Zi Zhang, Zi Gong, and Yan were there to accompany him. They talked about etiquette. The Master said: “Stop! I will tell you three about etiquette and let you go around with etiquette to cover everything.” Zi Gong crossed the mat and replied: “May I ask how it goes? ”The Master said, “Respect without following the rules of propriety is called wildness; respect without following the rules of propriety is called servility; courage without following the rules of propriety is called rebellion.” The Master said, “Serving others takes away kindness and benevolence.” The Master said, “Master, you are too much; and Shang is not as good as that. Zichan is like the mother of all people, who can feed them but cannot teach them.” Zigong crossed the table and replied, “May I ask what you will do to achieve this middle point?” The Master said, “Ritual! Rituals are used to set the middle point.”
Li Hongdu often sighed that he was not appreciated. Yin Yangzhou knew that his family was poor and asked, "Can you bend your will and travel a hundred miles?" Li replied, "The sigh of the North Gate has long been heard by my friends. A poor ape rushes to the forest, how can it have time to choose a tree!" He was then granted Shan County.
Someone asked: "What is the cane for?" The answer is: a filial son who has lost his parents cries countless times, serves for three years, and becomes sick and thin, so he uses a cane to support the sick. If the father is still alive, he dare not use a cane, because the respected person is still alive; he does not use a cane in the hall, because he avoids the respected person's place; he does not rush in the hall, because he is not in a hurry. This is the will of a filial son, the reality of human nature, and the principle of etiquette and righteousness. It does not come from heaven or earth, but is just human nature.
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