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The ruler rolls up his crown and stands on the east side, while his wife stands in the room with a double-breasted robe. The ruler bares his body to welcome the sacrificial animal at the door; his wife offers a bean basket. The ministers and the great officials praise the king, and the women of the court praise the wives: each of them promotes his duties. When all officials are dismissed from their duties and serve severe punishments, the whole country will be greatly subdued. Therefore, the summer sacrifice, autumn tasting, winter sacrifice, spring festival, autumn review and the big wax are the emperor's sacrifices.
When Chen Yuanfang lost his father, he cried and mourned until his body became emaciated. His mother felt sorry for him and secretly covered him with a brocade quilt. Guo Linzong came to express his condolences and saw him, and said to him, "You are a talented person in the country, and a role model for the whole country. How can you mourn with a brocade quilt covering you? Confucius said, 'To wear brocade and to eat rice, what good will it do you?' I will not accept it!" He threw away his clothes and left. From then on, no guests came for a hundred days.
Morality, benevolence and righteousness cannot be achieved without propriety, and teaching and correcting customs cannot be achieved without propriety. When resolving disputes, do not make the decision without proper etiquette. The relationship between the ruler and his subjects, father and son, and brothers cannot be determined without propriety. When an official studies or serves a teacher, he should not be close to him without proper etiquette. When Ban Chao governs the army and takes office to enforce the law, he must act with propriety and dignity. Praying to temples and offering sacrifices to ghosts and gods are not polite, sincere or solemn. Therefore, a gentleman is respectful, frugal, and yielding in order to show courtesy. Parrots can speak, but they are still birds; orangutans can speak, but they are still animals. People nowadays are rude, even if they can speak, don’t they have the heart of beasts? Only animals are so undisciplined that fathers and sons live together. Therefore, the sages created rituals to teach people. Teach people to be polite and know how to distinguish themselves from animals.
What are the four spirits? The unicorn, the phoenix, the tortoise and the dragon are called the four spirits. Therefore, the dragon is used as livestock, so fish and tuna are not succumbed; the phoenix is used as livestock, so birds do not degenerate; the unicorn is used as livestock, so beasts do not go wild; the tortoise is used as livestock, so human nature is not lost. Therefore, the ancient kings held yarrow and tortoise, arranged sacrifices, buried silk, announced prayers and speeches, and established systems, so the country has rituals, officials have guards, things have duties, and rituals have order. Therefore, the ancient kings worried that the rituals would not reach the lower classes, so they offered sacrifices to the emperor in the suburbs to determine the position of heaven; they offered sacrifices to the gods in the country to arrange the benefits of the land; the ancestral temples were used to establish benevolence, the mountains and rivers were used to worship ghosts and gods, and the five sacrifices were used to establish affairs.
When General Wang started a rebellion, the Prime Minister and his brothers went to the palace to express their gratitude. The Duke of Zhou was deeply worried about the other kings. When he first entered, he looked very worried. The Prime Minister called out to Marquis Zhou, "All the people in the family are in your care!" Zhou went straight over but did not respond. Once you enter, you will be saved by the suffering. After being released, Zhou Da was very happy and drank some wine. When he went out, the kings were still waiting at the door. Zhou said, "This year, if we kill all the bandits and slaves, we will take a golden seal as big as a bowl and tie it behind our elbow." When the general arrived at Shitou, he asked the prime minister, "Can Lord Zhou be one of the Three Dukes?" The prime minister did not answer. He asked again, "Can you be the Minister of the Chancellery?" Again no answer. Because he said, "In this case, he should be killed!" Then he fell silent again. When Marquis Zhou was about to be killed, the prime minister later learned that Marquis Zhou had saved him. He sighed and said, "I didn't kill Marquis Zhou, but he died because of me. I have let him down in the underworld!"
Wang Ziyou and Zijing were both seriously ill, but Zijing died first. Ziyou asked his attendants, "Why haven't we heard any news? He is already dead!" He showed no sadness at all when he spoke. They asked for a sedan chair and came to the funeral, but did not cry. Zijing had always loved the zither, so he went straight in and sat on the coffin, took out Zijing's zither and played it. When the strings were out of tune, he threw it to the ground and said, "Zijing! Zijing! Both you and the zither are gone." He was in grief for a long time, and died more than a month later.
The Master said: “The benevolent is the model of the world; the righteous is the rule of the world; the retribution is the benefit of the world.” The Master said: “Repaying kindness with kindness will encourage the people; repaying grievances with grievances will punish the people. The Book of Songs says: ‘No words are not resentful, no virtue is not repaid.’ The Book of Taijia says: ‘Without the king, the people cannot be at peace; without the king, the four directions cannot be opened.’” The Master said: “Repaying grievances with kindness is benevolence of leniency; repaying kindness with grievances is punishment of the people.” The Master said: “The one who has no desires and likes kindness, and the one who has no fears and hates unkindness, is the only one in the world. Therefore, the gentleman discusses the way for himself and sets laws for the people.” The Master said: “There are three kinds of benevolence, the same merits as benevolence but different feelings. The same merits as benevolence, his benevolence cannot be known; the same faults as benevolence, then his benevolence can be known. The benevolent are at peace with benevolence, the wise are beneficial to benevolence, and the fearful are strong in benevolence. The benevolent are right, the righteous are left. The benevolent are human, the righteous are righteousness. Those who are thick in benevolence are thin in righteousness, they are close but not respected; those who are thick in righteousness are thin in benevolence, they are respected but not close. The righteousness has its ultimate, and the righteousness has its examination. The ultimate righteousness is the way to rule, the righteousness is the way to hegemony, and the examination of the righteousness is to make sure there is no error. ”
Be not lazy when offering sacrifices. Burn the sacrificial clothes if they are worn out, bury the sacrificial utensils if they are worn out, bury the tortoise shells if they are worn out, and bury the dead animals if they are dead. Those who offer sacrifices to the public must clean their own sacrificial plates.
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