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The Great Road of the Common People

Ziyou asked, “Is it a courtesy to mourn a loving mother as if she were your own mother?” Confucius said, “It is not a courtesy. In ancient times, men had tutors outside and loving mothers inside, and they were appointed by the king to teach their children. Why should they wear mourning clothes? In the past, Duke Zhao of Lu lost his mother when he was young. He had a loving mother who was good. When her mother died, the duke could not bear to mourn her. He wanted to mourn her. The officials reported it to the king, who said, “According to the ancient etiquette, loving mothers should not be mourned. Now you are mourning for her. This is against the ancient etiquette and disrupts the laws of the country. If you carry it out, the officials will write it down and leave it to future generations. Isn’t it wrong!” The duke said, “In ancient times, the emperor wore a silk hat when he was at home. 'The Duke could not bear it, so he wore a white hat to mourn his beloved mother. The practice of mourning a beloved mother began with Duke Zhao of Lu. Zengzi asked, "When the princes meet the emperor, they cannot complete the ceremony when entering the door. How many of them are abolished?" Confucius said, "Four." Please ask. He said, "The great temple is on fire, the sun is eclipsed, the queen's funeral, and the rain soaks the clothes and makes them lose their appearance, then it is abolished. If all the princes are present and the sun is eclipsed, they will follow the emperor to put out the sun, and each will give his own weapons in his own color. If the great temple is on fire, they will follow the emperor to put out the fire, and will not give his own weapons in his own color." Zengzi asked, "When the princes meet, they bow and yield to each other when entering the door, and cannot complete the ceremony. How many of them are abolished?" Confucius said, "Six." Please ask. He said, "When the emperor dies, the great temple is on fire, the sun is eclipsed, the queen's funeral, and the rain soaks the clothes and makes them lose their appearance, then it is abolished." Zengzi asked, "When the emperor has offered sacrifices to the five sacrifices in the suburbs and the altars, the food and utensils have been laid out, and when the emperor dies, what should be done with the queen's funeral?" Confucius said, "Abolished. Zengzi asked, "When the sacrifice is to be made and the sun is eclipsed, and the Taimiao is on fire, what should be done with the sacrifice?" Confucius said, "Just follow the sacrifice. If the animal arrives but has not been killed, it is cancelled. When the emperor dies but has not been buried, the five sacrifices cannot be performed; after the funeral, the sacrifice is performed, the corpse is brought in, the three meals are not served, and the wine is not vinegared. From the opening to the return of the mourning, the five sacrifices cannot be performed; after the burial, the sacrifice is performed, the prayers are finished and the offerings are made." Zengzi asked, "When the princes offer sacrifices to the gods and grain, the sacrificial vessels and dishes are already laid out. What should they do when they hear of the death of the emperor, the mourning of the queen, the death of the king, or the mourning of the lady?" Confucius said, "Abolish it. From the death to the funeral, from the opening to the return of the mourning, they serve the emperor." Zengzi asked, "When the ministers offer sacrifices, the tripods and sacrificial vessels are laid out, and the dishes are set out, but the rituals cannot be completed. How many of them are cancelled?" Confucius said, "Nine. "Please ask. He said: "The death of the emperor, the mourning of the queen, the death of the monarch, the mourning of the lady, the fire of the monarch's grand temple, the solar eclipse, the three-year mourning, the mourning of Qisui and the great merit are all abolished. The mourning of the outside world from Qisui onwards is carried out. The sacrifice of Qisui is that the corpse is brought in, three meals are not served, and the wine is not made with vinegar. The great merit is just a vinegar. The small merit and mourning are just things in the room. The reason why scholars are different is that they do not offer sacrifices in mourning, and they offer sacrifices to the dead without wearing mourning clothes. "

The road to fame

In bad years, when the harvest is poor, the king does not offer lungs for dinner, the horses do not eat grain, the roads are not cleared, and the sacrifices are not hung. The ministers do not eat millet, and the scholars do not enjoy drinking.

The Queen of Entertainment

House; the coffin of the senior official is covered with a veil, which is placed in the west row, and the veil does not reach the coffin; the coffin of the scholar is exposed, and the upper curtain is covered. Boil, the king has four kinds of eight baskets, the senior official has three kinds of six baskets, and the scholar has two kinds of four baskets, and fish and margarine are added. Decorate the coffin, the king has three pools of dragon curtains, and the appearance is vibrating. Fuhuang, three rows of fire, three rows of Fu. Plain brocade and red, add false Huang. Six purple buttons. Qi, five colors and five shells. Two purple 翣, two purple 翣, two painted 翣, all wearing jade. Fish leaping in the pool. The king has six purple 翣, six purple 贰. The senior official has two painted curtains, and the appearance is not vibrating. Huahuang, three rows of fire, three rows of Fu. Plain brocade and red. Two purple buttons, two black buttons. Qi, three colors and three shells. Two purple 翣, two painted 翣, all wearing jade. Fish leaping in the pool. The official wears a purple front and a black back, and the same applies to the cloak. The scholar wears a rough cloth curtain, one pond, twisted. Two purple buttons, two black buttons. Qi, three colors and one shell. Two painted bamboo quilts, all wear a sash. The scholar wears a purple front and a black back, and two cloaks use purple. The king is buried with a chariot, four sashes and two stele, and the imperial coffin uses a feathered banner. The official is buried with a chariot, two sashes and two stele, and the imperial coffin uses a thatched roof. The scholar is buried with a state carriage. Two sashes and no stele, when leaving the palace, the imperial coffin uses a gong cloth. When sealing, use a sash without a stele to carry the coffin. The king seals with a balance, and the official and scholar use a salt. The king orders not to shout, and seals with a drum; the official orders not to cry; the scholar cries and stops. The king's pine coffin, the official's cypress coffin, the official's mixed wood coffin. Between the coffin and the coffin, the king can hold a 柷, the official can hold a pot, and the scholar can hold a 甒. The king's coffin is in the inner coffin and the Yu basket, the senior official is not in the inner coffin, and the scholar is not in the Yu basket.

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The Golden Age of File Loading

Soul Against Heaven and Earth

Confucius said: Those who make Mingqi know the way of funeral, and they prepare things but cannot use them. Alas! The dead are used with the utensils of the living. Isn't it dangerous to use them as sacrifices? Mingqi means to show the gods. Painting carts with straw spirits has existed since ancient times, and it is the way of Mingqi. Confucius said that those who make straw spirits are good, and those who make figurines are unkind - isn't it dangerous to use people!