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When judging a person, he must be of the same rank.
Taoist Daoyi was fond of embellishing his words and sounds. He left the capital and returned to Dongshan, passing through Wuzhong. It started snowing soon after, but it wasn't very cold yet. The Taoists asked about the path they were on. Yi Gong said: "Wind and frost are not to be taken into account, but they are the first to gather the bleakness. The suburbs and towns are just beginning to fade, and the forests and mountains are already white."
Therefore, a gentleman should be cautious and not lose his face in front of others. The king should be polite, and the ministers should be inferior to him. The ministers should be polite, and the scholars should be inferior to him. Etiquette should not be given to common people, and punishment should not be given to ministers. Punishers should not be at the king's side.
Mr. Xi lived during the Yongjia Rebellion, and his hometown was very poor and hungry. The villagers praised his virtue and shared the feast with him. The Duke often brought his brother's son Mai and his aunt's two younger sons Zhou Yi to eat there. The villagers said, "We are all hungry and in need. Since you are a wise man, we want to help you. But we are afraid that we cannot save enough for both of us." So the Duke went to eat alone, and he always put rice on his cheeks and spit it out to his two children. Later they both survived and crossed the river together. After Duke Xi died, Yi was appointed as the county magistrate of Shan. After resigning from his post, he returned home and laid straw at the head of Duke Xi's bed, mourning for the whole three years.
The emperor's altars and grains are all large sacrifices, while the altars and grains of the princes are all small sacrifices. The sacrifices of the officials and scholars to the ancestral temples are offered if they have land, and offered if they do not have land. The common people offer leeks in spring, wheat in summer, millet in autumn, and rice in winter. Leeks are offered with eggs, wheat with fish, millet with pigs, and rice with geese. The cattle used to offer sacrifices to heaven and earth have cocoons and chestnuts in their horns; the cattle used to offer sacrifices to the ancestral temples have horns with handles; the cattle used to offer sacrifices to guests have horns with rulers. The princes shall not kill cattle without reason, the great officials shall not kill sheep without reason, the scholars shall not kill dogs and pigs without reason, and the common people shall not eat delicacies without reason. The common people shall not eat more delicacies than animals, the clothes for banquets shall not exceed the clothes for offering sacrifices, and the sleeping places shall not exceed the temples.
The meaning of the crown: The crown is made of black cloth. In ancient times, the cloth was black, and the Qi people wore it. As for its tassel, Confucius said: "I have never heard of it. It is better to wear it in a worn-out state." The son wears the crown on the east side to show his generation. The offering in the guest position is to add to the success. The three additions are more respected, which means his aspirations. The crown and the name are to respect the name. The appearance of the crown is the way of Zhou. The Zhangfu is the way of Yin. No pursuit is the way of the Xiahou clan. Zhou Bian, Yin Bian, Xia Shou. The three kings shared the leather cap and white pile. There is no ceremony for the crown of the senior officials, but there is a ceremony for their wedding. In ancient times, people were promoted to the rank of nobility after the age of fifty, so why did the crown ceremony of the senior officials exist? The crown ceremony of the princes was not invented until the end of the Xia Dynasty. The first son of the emperor is a scholar. There is no one in the world who is noble at birth. To establish the princes in succession is to show the virtue. To give people official titles is to kill virtue. To give posthumous titles after death is the present; in ancient times, there was no title when alive and no posthumous title when dead. What is respected in ritual is to respect its meaning. If it loses its meaning, it is the job of the historian to explain its number. Therefore, the number can be explained, but its meaning is difficult to know. Knowing its meaning and respecting it is the way for the emperor to rule the world.
Xie Gong was in Dongshan, and he refused to move despite repeated imperial orders. Later he was appointed Sima of Huan Xuanwu. When he was about to leave for Xinting, all the court officials came out to see him off. Gao Ling was the Zhongcheng at that time, and he also went to visit his ancestor. Before, he had drunk a little, and because he seemed to be drunk, he joked, "You have repeatedly disobeyed the imperial edict and have been staying in seclusion in the East Mountain. People always say to each other, 'If Anshi refuses to come out, what will happen to the people?' Now, what will happen to the people? " Xie smiled but did not answer.
Establishing power and measurement, examining articles, changing the calendar, changing the color of clothes, distinguishing emblems, different tools, and different clothes, these are what he obtains and changes with the people. There are some things that cannot be changed: loving one's relatives, respecting the elders, and distinguishing between men and women. These are things that cannot be changed with the people.
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