Mu Hongzhen 414涓囧瓧 818379浜鸿杩 杩炶浇
銆娋犯@磺
Zi Zhang asked about politics, and the Master said, "Teacher! Did I tell you before? A gentleman is clear about rites and music, and he only needs to raise and arrange them." Zi Zhang asked again. The Master said, "Teacher, do you think it is necessary to spread the table and the banquet, rise and fall, and offer wine and toast, and then it can be called rites? Do you think it is necessary to carry out the oracle, play the feather flute, and make the bells and drums, and then it can be called music? Speaking and practicing is rite. Acting and enjoying it is music. A gentleman strives for these two things and stands facing south, and this is how the world is peaceful. When the princes came to court, all things were in obedience, and all officials dared not to serve. Where ritual flourishes, the people are governed; where ritual is abolished, the people are in chaos. In a room with a clever eye, there is an outer corner, a seat has upper and lower parts, a car has left and right parts, a person who walks has a following, and a person who stands has an order. This is the ancient meaning. If there is no outer corner in a room, it will be in chaos. If there is no upper and lower part in a seat, it will be in chaos on the seat. If there is no left and right part in a car, it will be in chaos on the car. If there is no following person who walks, it will be in chaos on the road. If there is no order in standing, it will be in chaos in the position. In the past, the sage emperors and wise princes distinguished between the noble and the humble, the old and the young, the near and far, the male and the female, the outside and the inside, and no one dared to cross the road. They all came out from this road. "The three sons, after hearing this from the Master, were as clear as if they had just opened their eyes.
The Master said: 鈥淏enevolence has numbers, and righteousness has lengths, shortnesses, smallnesses, and greatnesses. To be indifferent in the heart is to love the benevolence of others; to follow the law and strengthen it is to have resources The benevolent man. The Book of Songs says: 'There is a mulberry tree in Fengshui, how could King Wu not serve? He passed on his plan to his grandson and swallowed his son. King Wu was so kind!' It is the benevolence of several generations. The Guofeng says: 'I am not going to review it now, but the emperor will take care of my descendants.' It is the benevolence of a lifetime. Confucius said: "Benevolence is a heavy tool, and its path is far. Those who raise it cannot overcome it, and those who walk it cannot reach it. Those who take the most are benevolent. Isn't it difficult to be diligent in benevolence? Therefore, if a gentleman judges people by righteousness, it is difficult for him to be a man; If you look at people by their own standards, you will know that they are virtuous. 鈥 The Master said, 鈥淭here is only one person in the world who is at peace with his heart and who is benevolent. The Great Odes say, 鈥榁irtue is as light as a feather, and few people can raise it. I have tried to imitate it, but only Zhongshanfu raised it, and no one helped me with love. 鈥欌 The Lesser Odes say, 鈥楬igh mountains are admired and admired, and beautiful conduct is observed and admired. 鈥 The Master said, 鈥淭he love of benevolence in the Book of Poetry is like this: He walks in the direction of the road, but gives up halfway. He forgets his old age, does not know that his years are insufficient, and bows his head day by day, working hard until he dies.鈥 The Master said, 鈥淏enevolence has been difficult to achieve for a long time! Everyone loses what he likes; therefore, the mistakes of the benevolent are easily abandoned.鈥 The Master said, 鈥淩espect is close to propriety, frugality is close to benevolence, and trustworthiness is close to affection. If one practices this with respect and humility, even if he makes mistakes, they will not be too serious. Respect is less likely to make mistakes, affection is trustworthy, and frugality is easy to tolerate. Are those who make mistakes because of this not rare? The Book of Poetry says, 鈥楢 gentle and respectful person is the foundation of virtue. 鈥欌 The Master said, 鈥淏enevolence has been difficult to achieve for a long time, but only a gentleman can do it. Therefore, a gentleman does not make himself suffer for what he can do, nor does he make others ashamed for what they cannot do. Therefore, the sage鈥檚 way of governing behavior is not to control himself, but to make people feel ashamed and encouraged to act according to their words. He regulates people with etiquette, binds people with trust, decorates their appearance with clothes, and makes friends with them. He wants the people to be united. The Xiaoya says: 鈥淒o not be ashamed of others, and do not fear the heaven.鈥 Therefore, when a gentleman wears his clothes, he should decorate his appearance with a gentleman鈥檚 appearance; when he has his appearance, he should decorate his words with a gentleman鈥檚 words; when he speaks, he should be sincere with a gentleman鈥檚 virtue. Therefore, a gentleman is ashamed to wear his clothes without his appearance, to have his appearance without his words, to have his words without his virtue, and to have his virtue without his behavior. Therefore, when a gentleman wears mourning clothes, he has a look of sorrow; when he wears a crown, he has a look of respect; when he wears armor, he has a look of not wanting to be humiliated. The Book of Songs says: 鈥淥nly the pelican on the beam does not wet its wings; the son of the record does not match his clothes. 鈥欌
Zi SiWhen his mother died in Wei, Liu Ruo said to Zisi: "You are the descendant of a sage. People from all over the world come to you to observe the rites. You should be careful." Zisi said: "Why should I be careful? I heard that if there is the rite but not the money, a gentleman will not do it; if there is the rite and the money but not the time, a gentleman will not do it. Why should I be careful!"
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