Linghu Na 164涓囧瓧 291933浜鸿杩 杩炶浇
銆娧辈 app銆
The prime minister controls the state expenditures, and he must do so at the end of the year, when all the grains have been harvested. The size of the land used depends on the harvest and loss of the year. The state expenditures are controlled based on the general situation of thirty years, and the expenditures are calculated according to the income, and the number of sacrifices is calculated. In mourning, there is no sacrifice for three years, and only sacrifices to heaven, earth, and the altar of grain are performed. The mourning period is three years. In funerals and sacrifices, if the expenditure is insufficient, it is called excessive; if the expenditure is sufficient, it is called lavish. In sacrifices, do not be extravagant in good years and do not be frugal in bad years. A country without nine years of reserves is called insufficient; without six years of reserves, it is called urgent; without three years of reserves, it is not a country. Three years of farming will ensure one year of food; nine years of farming will ensure three years of food. With thirty years of peace, even if there is a disaster, drought or flood, and the people have no vegetables, then the emperor will eat and celebrate every day.
Zi Zhang asked about politics, and the Master said, "Teacher! Did I tell you before? A gentleman is clear about rites and music, and he only needs to raise and arrange them." Zi Zhang asked again. The Master said, "Teacher, do you think it is necessary to spread the table and the banquet, rise and fall, and offer wine and toast, and then it can be called rites? Do you think it is necessary to carry out the oracle, play the feather flute, and make the bells and drums, and then it can be called music? Speaking and practicing is rite. Acting and enjoying it is music. A gentleman strives for these two things and stands facing south, and this is how the world is peaceful. When the princes came to court, all things were in obedience, and all officials dared not to serve. Where ritual flourishes, the people are governed; where ritual is abolished, the people are in chaos. In a room with a clever eye, there is an outer corner, a seat has upper and lower parts, a car has left and right parts, a person who walks has a following, and a person who stands has an order. This is the ancient meaning. If there is no outer corner in a room, it will be in chaos. If there is no upper and lower part in a seat, it will be in chaos on the seat. If there is no left and right part in a car, it will be in chaos on the car. If there is no following person who walks, it will be in chaos on the road. If there is no order in standing, it will be in chaos in the position. In the past, the sage emperors and wise princes distinguished between the noble and the humble, the old and the young, the near and far, the male and the female, the outside and the inside, and no one dared to cross the road. They all came out from this road. "The three sons, after hearing this from the Master, were as clear as if they had just opened their eyes.
All three kings must teach the crown prince with rituals and music. Music is used to cultivate the inner self; rites are used to cultivate the outer self. Rites and music interweave within and manifest themselves in the outer self. Therefore, the result is joy, respect, and gentleness. The establishment of a great tutor and a junior tutor to raise the child is to make him know the way of father and son, and the way of the ruler and his subjects. The great tutor examines the way of father and son, and the way of the ruler and his subjects and shows it to him; the junior tutor serves the crown prince to observe the virtues of the great tutor and to teach him. The great tutor is in front, and the junior tutor is in the back; when entering, there is a guardian, and when leaving, there is a teacher. This is how virtue is cultivated through teaching and teaching. A teacher is one who teaches and teaches virtues through things; a guardian is one who is careful in his own conduct to assist and guide him and return to the way. The Records says: "In the Yu, Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties, there were teachers and guardians, and there were ministers." Four assistants and three dukes were set up. They were not necessarily appointed, but only the right people were appointed. It is said that the gentleman is capable. When virtue is established, teaching is respected, teaching is respected, and officials are upright, and officials are upright, and the country is governed. This is what a monarch is. Zhongni said: "In the past, when the Duke of Zhou was regent, he took the throne and ruled. He followed the example of Boqin, so that he could help King Cheng. I heard that: If a minister sacrifices his own life to benefit the monarch, he will do it. How much more so, if he sacrifices his own life to benefit the monarch? The Duke of Zhou did it well!" Therefore, only when you know how to be a son can you be a father; only when you know how to be a minister can you be a monarch; only when you know how to serve people can you lead people. King Cheng was young and could not take the throne. If he was the crown prince, he would not be able to do anything. Therefore, the crown prince followed the example of Boqin and made him live with King Cheng, so that King Cheng would know the righteousness of father and son, monarch and minister, and elder and younger. The monarch is close to the crown prince as a father and respects him as a monarch. Only when you have the closeness of a father and the respect of a monarch can you control the world. Therefore, you must be careful when raising the crown prince. The only one who can achieve three good things by doing one thing is the crown prince. This is what it means to be a good scholar. Therefore, when the crown prince is in school, the people of the country look at it and ask: "Why do you give me the throne and let me have the same age?" He said: "When the father is around, it is polite, but everyone knows the way of father and son." The second question is: "Why do you give me the throne and let me have the same age?" He said: "When the king is around, it is polite, but everyone is obsessed with the righteousness of the king and the minister." The third question is: "Why do you give me the throne and let me have the same age?" He said: "The elder is the elder, but everyone knows the distinction between the elder and the younger." Therefore, when the father is here, he is the son, and when the king is here, he is the minister. The distinction between son and minister is to respect the king and love relatives. Therefore, learn to be a father and son, learn to be a king and a minister, learn to be the elder and the younger. The way of father and son, king and minister, and the elder and the younger is obtained, and the country is governed. There is a saying: "The music is in charge of the industry, the father and the teacher are in charge of the completion. If there is a good person, all nations will be loyal." This is what the crown prince means. Duke Zhou ascended the throne.
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