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Ritual is to the right state: it is like a scale to weight, a ruler to straightness, and a compass to squareness. Therefore, if the scale is honestly hung, it cannot be deceived by the weight; if the ruler is honestly laid out, it cannot be deceived by the crookedness; if the rules are honestly set up, it cannot be deceived by the squareness and roundness; a gentleman examines the rites and cannot be accused of treachery. Therefore, those who respect the rites and follow the rites are called the gentlemen with the rules; those who do not respect the rites and do not follow the rites are called the people without the rules. It is the way of respect and yielding. Therefore, when serving the ancestral temple, one is respectful; when entering the court, the noble and the humble have their positions; when living at home, the father and son are close and the brothers are harmonious; when living in the village, the elders and the young are in order. Confucius said: "To settle the state and govern the people, nothing is better than rites." This is what he meant.
King Sima Jing went on an expedition to the east and captured Li Xi of Shangdang and made him a Zhonglang Attendant. He then asked Xi, "My father invited you to come, but you refused. Now I am calling you. Why did you come?" Xi replied, "My father treated me with courtesy, so I was able to advance and retreat with courtesy. You are a man of law, and I came here out of fear of the law!"
Xie Zhonglang passed by the Houhu Lake of Qu'a and asked his attendants, "What kind of water is this?" They replied, "Qu'a Lake." Xie said, "It is a place where water flows into the deep and does not flow."
When Ji Sun's mother died, Duke Ai went to offer condolences. Zengzi and Zigong went to offer condolences. The gatekeeper did not let them in because the king was present. Zengzi and Zigong went into the stable and dressed up. Zigong went in first, and the gatekeeper said, "The governor has already told us." Zengzi went in later, and the gatekeeper let him in. When they went inside, the nobles and officials all left their seats, and the Duke lowered his rank and bowed to them. The gentleman said, "If you use all your skills, you will go far." When Jiefu of Yangmen died, the city manager Zihan went in and cried. The Jin people who spied on Song reported back to the Duke of Jin, saying, "Jiefu of Yangmen died, and Zihan wept bitterly, and the people were pleased. It is unlikely that he should be attacked." Confucius heard about it and said, "How good is the spying on the country! The Book of Songs says, 'When the people are in mourning, they should be supported and clothed.' Although it is only a small country like Jin, who in the world can do it?"
The Master said: “If it is easy for the superiors to do things and easy for the inferiors to understand, then the punishments will not be complicated.” The Master said: “If the virtuous are favored as in the “Black Clothes” and the evil are disliked as in the “Hang Bo”, then the titles will not be disrespected and the people will be willing, and the punishments will not be tested and the people will obey. The Great Odes say: ‘The punishments of King Wen are followed, and the nations will be faithful.’” The Master said: “If the people are taught virtue and regulated by rites, then the people will have a sense of discipline; if they are taught politics and regulated by punishments, then the people will have a sense of evasion. Therefore, if the ruler loves the people, then the people will be close to him; if he is trustworthy, then the people will not betray him; if he is respectful, then the people will have a respectful heart. The Fu Xing says: ‘The people are punished by fate and regulated by punishments. Only the five cruel punishments are called laws. Therefore, the people have bad virtues and are finally exterminated from the world. ’”
Minister Xi and Mr. Xie were on good terms. He often said: "Xie Qingxu's knowledge and insights are not without peer, but they can make you feel exhausted."
Sun Hao asked Prime Minister Lu Kai, "How many people are there in your dynasty?" Lu Kai replied, "Two prime ministers, five marquises, and more than ten generals." Hao said, "How prosperous!" Lu Kai replied, "A country is prosperous when its ruler is wise and its ministers are loyal. A family is prosperous when its father is kind and its sons are filial. Today, the government is in chaos and the people are corrupt. We are afraid of the country's downfall. How dare I say it is prosperous!"
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